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The article focuses on the development of R. Collins’ concept collegially shared power (CSP). author formulates a definition CSP and four criteria associated with formal separation powers: 1) right parliament to participate in formation government; 2) responsibility government parliament; 3) lack authority head state appoint proxies legislative institutions; 4) observance written law by all bra...

In 1988, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published two articles on nosocomial infections (NIs) and certain types of NIs’ criteria for surveillance purposes. Nosocomial infections refer to any systemic or localized conditions that result from the reaction by an infectious agent or toxin.1 The infection is developing in all high, middle and low income countries. The CDC estim...