background : one language-related area that has recently received more attention from researchers working in the field of stuttering is phonological working memory. this article aimed to identify phonological skills of working memory in children with stuttering in comparison with normal children, and to obtain the relationship between the increase in the number of syllables in non-words and the...

Two experiments used a magnitude estimation paradigm to test whether perception of disfluency is a function of whether the speaker and the listener stutter or do not stutter. Utterances produced by people who stutter were judged as "less fluent," and, critically, this held for apparently fluent utterances as well as for utterances identified as containing disfluency. Additionally, people who st...

In this article, a selection of theoretical approaches about stuttering is examined. One way of characterizing theories is in terms of whether the problem of stuttering arises at the linguistic or motor levels or in the interaction between the two. A second contrast between theories is in terms of whether they link production together with perception (linked theories, e.g., the covert repair hy...

CONTEXT Stuttering has a life span incidence and it significantly impacts academic, social, emotional and vocational achievements of patients who stutter. AIMS The purpose of the present study was to examine phonological encoding in young children who stutter (CWS) during a non word repetition task and to test the covert repair hypothesis (CRH) and phonological skills in Persian native childr...

The purpose of this study was to account for the frequency, type, and possible origins of speech disfluency clusters in the spontaneous speech of 3- to 6-year-old children, 30 who stutter and 30 who do not stutter. On the basis of the Covert Repair Hypothesis (Postma & Kolk, 1993), which suggests that stutterings are the by-products of self-repairs or self-corrections of speech errors, three hy...

UNLABELLED In their Covert Repair Hypothesis, Postma and Kolk (1993) suggest that people who stutter make greater numbers of phonological encoding errors, which are detected during the monitoring of inner speech and repaired, with stuttering-like disfluencies as a consequence. Here, we report an experiment that documents the frequency with which such errors are made. Thirty-two people who stutt...

UNLABELLED The specific mechanisms that underlie childhood stuttering are not fully understood. The current study investigated these mechanisms by comparing the effect on fluency of priming different components of a short sentence. The main findings were that: (1) both children who stutter (CWS) (n=12, M age=6;3) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) (n=12, M age=6;6) were more fluent after fu...

objective: for decades, both theory and research have focused on the role of self-esteem and shame in constructing narcissistic traits. however, studies on the exact relationship between these two and overt and covert facets of narcissism have been equivocal.  methods: the current study is correlational. it examined these relationships among 308 iranian college students (155 males, 153 females,...