background both rising healthcare costs and the global financial crisis have fueled a search for policy tools in order to avoid unsustainable future financing of essential health benefits. the scope of essential health benefits (the range of services covered) and depth of coverage (the proportion of costs of the covered benefits that is covered publicly) are corresponding variables in determini...

this policy brief discusses preventive care benefits and cost-sharing included in health insurance provisions of the affordable care act (aca) legislation and highlights some consequences to americans and the country in terms of healthcare costs and value.

The practice of target pricing has been a key factor in the success of Japanese manufacturers. In the more commonly-known demand-side approach, the target price for the supplier equals the manufacturer’s market price less a percent margin for the manufacturer but no cost-improvement expenses are shared. In the supply-side approach, cost-improvement expenses are shared and the target price equal...

as one way to approach industrial symbiosis, environmental infrastructure sharing is principally concerned with providing an integrated environmental utility system for clustered firms. it is based on the assumption that environmental infrastructure sharing can improve the regional competitive advantage by reducing overall cost and improving environmental performance. in order to verify the ass...