abstractbackground: there are relatively rich uranium mines in regions of saghand and bafgh in yazd province. this survey was carried out to provide a map of ambient gamma radiation of yazd province and the probable effects of the existence of these mines on background radiation dose rates.materials and methods: the measurements of the outdoor and indoor–environmental exposures (including cosmi...

all living organisms are exposed to ionizing radiation comprising cosmic rays coming from outer space, terrestrial nuclides occurring in the earth’s crust, building materials, air, water and foods and in the human body itself. the exposures are constant and uniform for all individuals everywhere including the dose from ingestion of 40k in food. cosmic rays are, more intense at higher altitudes,...

The observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation provides strong evidence for the hot big bang. The success of pri-mordial nucleosynthesis calculations (see Sec. 16, " Big-bang nucle-osynthesis ") requires a cosmic background radiation (CBR) characterized by a temperature kT ∼ 1 MeV at a redshift of z ≃ 10 9. In their pioneering work, Gamow, Alpher, and Herman [1] realized this and pred...

I review the nature of the diffuse cosmic ultraviolet background radiation. The ultraviolet background is the last frontier: all the other diffuse backgrounds have been examined, at least at some level. The ultraviolet background has only begun to be explored; it offers rich promise of new astrophysical knowledge.

The recent developments in studies of TeV radiation from blazars are highlighted and the implications of these results for derivation of cosmologically important information about the cosmic infrared background radiation are discussed.

People living in the plateaus of Colorado or New Mexico receive about 1.5 mSv more per year than those living near sea level. The added dose from cosmic rays during a coast-to-coast round trip flight in a commercial airplane is about 0.03 mSv. Altitude plays a big role, but the largest source of background radiation comes from radon gas in our homes (about 2 mSv per year). Like other sources of...

In this work we reexamine the opacity of the cosmic background radiation to the propagation of extremely high energy cosmic rays. We use the continuous energy loss approximation to provide spectral modification factors for several hypothesized cosmic ray sources. Earlier problems with this approximation are resolved including the effects of resonances other than the ∆.