cortical spreading depression (csd) has been suggested to underlie some neurological disorders such as migraine. despite the intensity with which many investigators have studied sd in the brain, only a few studies have aimed to identify sd in the spinal cord. here we described the main characteristic features of sd in the spinal cord induced by different methods including various spinal cord in...

spreading depression (sd), discovered by leao in 1944, is a pathophysiological wave which propagates slowly in the brain (3 mm/min) and cause dramatic ionic and hemodynamic changes. sd appears to act through several mechanisms and receptors which have not completely understood. here, we studied the effect of inhibitory system in animal model of sd using immunohistochemistry technique. after imp...

introduction: repetitive cortical spreading depression (csd) can lead to cell death in immature brain tissue. caspases are involved in neuronal cell death in several csd-related neurological disorders. yet, whether repetitive csd itself can induce caspase activation in adult or juvenile tissue remains unknown. inducing repetitive csd in somatosensory cortices of juvenile and adult rats in vivo,...

We study the diffusive logistic equation with a free boundary in higher space dimensions and heterogeneous environment. Such a model may be used to describe the spreading of a new or invasive species, with the free boundary representing the expanding front. For simplicity, we assume that the environment and the solution are radially symmetric. In the special case of one space dimension and homo...

The Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi plateau (OJMHP) is considered to have originated from a starting mantle plume, and have been rifted apart by two spreading ridges. However, the ages of these spreading ridges and their possible interactions with the presumed mantle plume are unclear. The Manihiki-Hikurangi plateau has been rifted apart by the Osbourn Trough which formed the southwestern Pacifi...

In its ideal form, electronic democracy would empower citizens to vote online with convenience, security, reliability, and accessibility. However, electronic vote fraud can prevent citizens from exercising their basic rights in a democracy. Inaccessible e-voting systems also can deny citizens their rights. Unfortunately, attention to these problems generally is muted in the popular media, as th...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We examined responses of rabbit pial arterioles to three different stimuli before and after induction of cortical spreading depression. METHODS In urethane-anesthetized rabbits equipped with a closed cranial window, we measured pial arteriolar diameter during baseline conditions, topical application of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), topical application of acety...

This essay looks at the historical significance of three APS classic papers that are freely available online: Leão AAP. Spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 7: 359–390, 1944 (http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/7/6/359). Leão AAP. Pial circulation and spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 7: 391–396, 1944 (http://jn.physiolog...