b a c k g r o u n d & aim: the excess hazard rate proposed by andersen and vaeth may underestimate the long-term excess hazard rate for cancer survival. zahl explained the phenomenon by continuous selection of the most robust individuals after diagnosis. he applied correlated inverse gaussian and gamma  frailty  models  to estimate  excess  intensity  and reached  a better  estimate  of the rat...

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation may be a cardinal pathophysiologic feature in the pathogenesis of frailty. Interferon-gamma (INF-γ) is an understudied proinflammatory cytokine in frailty that induces many inflammatory pathways including the guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GTP-CH1) pathway. Our aim was to evaluate the GTP-CH1 pathway in Egyptian frail elderly subjects. ...

Background and objectives: Birth spacing is an important variable for identification of fertility acceleration, total fertility rate, and maternal and fetal health. Therefore, special attention has been paid to this issue by researchers in the fields of medical sciences, health, and population. In addition, proper analysis of this concept is of foremost importance. Application of classical anal...

There are many unknown causes that increase the rate of corneal graft rejection. In bilateral cases, some of these unknown causes are common, and some are individual factors. In this paper, we use a correlated frailty model to analyse risk factors for bilateral corneal graft in Keratoconus. Applying the piecewise constant baseline hazard model, we have performed a Bayesian analysis of the corre...

background : time to donating blood plays a major role in a regular donor to becoming continues one. the aim of this study was to determine the effective factors on the interval between the blood donations. methods : in a longitudinal study in 2008, 864 samples of first-time donors in shahrekord blood transfusion center,  capital city of chaharmahal and bakhtiari province, iran were selected by...

Frailty models are used in survival analysis to account for unobserved heterogeneity in individual risks to disease and death. To analyze bivariate data on related survival times (e.g. matched pairs experiments, twin or family data), bivariate correlated frailty models were suggested, where the frailties were constructed using independent additive components. The purpose of this paper is to des...

BACKGROUND There is no single generally accepted clinical definition of frailty. Previously developed tools to assess frailty that have been shown to be predictive of death or need for entry into an institutional facility have not gained acceptance among practising clinicians. We aimed to develop a tool that would be both predictive and easy to use. METHODS We developed the 7-point Clinical F...

BACKGROUND Frailty is related to adverse outcomes in the elderly. However, current status and clinical significance of frailty have not been evaluated for the Korean elderly population. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of established frailty criteria for community-dwelling Korean elderly. We also tried to develop and validate a new frailty index based on a multidimensional model. METHOD...

OBJECTIVE First, we tested the hypothesis that the rate of change of physical frailty and cognitive function in older adults are correlated. Next, we examined if their rates of change are associated with the same brain pathologies. METHODS About 2,167 older adults participating in the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project had annual clinical evaluations. Bivariate rando...

OBJECTIVE To determine the association between plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level in patients with heart failure (HF) and physical frailty as well as with each domain of physical frailty. METHODS Two hundred and six outpatients of cardiovascular medicine aged 60 years and older who had been hospitalized for HF or had been given a prescription medication for HF were included. Physica...