a 55-year-old man referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy (crt) due to severe heart failure. a severe stenosis in the coronary sinus vein after the posterior branch disallowed the insertion of the lead. nevertheless, the stenosis was dilated and the left ventricle (lv) lead was implanted in the lateral marginal branch.

Complications related to coronary sinus lead are not infrequent in recipients of cardiac resynchronization devices. We describe the case of a patient with a biventricular implantable cardioverter defibrillator with persistent phrenic nerve stimulation, previous coronary sinus lead fracture, and severe left subclavian vein stenosis. The reimplantation of a new coronary sinus lead on the left sid...

CARDIAC resynchronization therapy with the placement of a left ventricular pacing electrode in the coronary sinus has been shown to be an effective treatment in selected patients with symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Coronary sinus leads can be removed with relative ease because of their small diameter and relatively poor fixation mechanisms. However, removal of coronary sinus electrod...

INTRODUCTION Persistent left superior vena cava represents a congenital vascular defect of the venous system, which often makes standard 58 cm endocardial lead placement impossible. CASE OUTLINE A right chamber approach by the left cephalic vein was tried. This was impossible because standard endocardial lead (SJM Isoflex 5 1646T, bipolar lead, 58 cm in length, body diameter 7 French) was too...

in this paper, we describe a case of an aneurysmal circumflex artery connected to the coronary sinus through a fistula in a 40-year-old man with a two-year history of palpitation and chest pain. we discussed surgical management for patients with coronary artery fistula (caf), particularly for asymptomatic patients with a small left-to-right shunt .

High defibrillation threshold (DFT) and defibrillation failure can lead to intractable ventricular arrhythmias. Additional coronary sinus coil is an effective strategy to achieve marked reduction in DFT. However, physicians should retain this might prevent future coronary sinus lead placement in case the patient would develop complete left bundle branch block.

Implantation of an epicardial left ventricular (LV) lead is a reasonable alternative to a transvenous coronary sinus lead in the case of inadequate coronary sinus anatomy, and is generally considered safe and effective. We report the case of a patient who received an epicardial LV sutureless screwin lead presenting several months later with a myocardial infarction owing to injury to the left an...

INTRODUCTION Failure to achieve left ventricular pacing remains one of the obstacles to cardiac resynchronisation therapy. METHODS A new technique for the placement of left ventricular pacing leads in the tributaries of the coronary sinus is described. Antegrade visualisation of the coronary sinus is accomplished by selective coronary angiography and a hydrophilic 0.032" wire is advanced alon...