resilience as a psychological emotional mechanism is employed by the individuals when they are in stressful irritating situations to be able to resume their previous productive mental activities. it is a vital coping activity when students go through upsetting events, psychological breakdowns, academic failures, suffocating educational atmospheres, and undemocratic teaching techniques. the esse...

summary writing is associated with lots of cognitive and metacognitive complexities that necessitates instruction (hirvela & du, 2013). contrary to majority of studies carried out on summarization instruction, the present study addressed the underlying processes or microgenetic developments of the iranian efl learners’ summary writing. to this end, 41 male and female undergraduate students ...

Children are exceptional, even 'super,' imitators but comparatively poor independent problem-solvers or innovators. Yet, imitation and innovation are both necessary components of cumulative cultural evolution. Here, we explored the relationship between imitation and innovation by assessing children's ability to generate a solution to a novel problem by imitating two different action sequences d...