barley belongs to the poaceae which is the largest monocotyledon family. plastid single-copy gene acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) is the first step in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and therefore, it is used to study the phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary and systematic of grasses. in this study, for the first time, phylogenetic relationship of eight species of hordeum genus from iran in...

N,N'-diacetylchitobiase (chitobiase) from the marine organism Vibrio harveyi is a highly stable reporter enzyme for gene fusions. This enzyme hydrolyzes the disaccharide chitobiose to N-acetyl glucosamine. The advantages of the reporter gene encoding chitobiase (chb) are: (i) that chitobiase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activities are missing in E. coli strains, (ii) chitobiase can be mo...

Background: Based on the studies, variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in peripheral blood leukocytes is associated with increased susceptibility to diseases including cancer. Opiate abusers are at high risk for diseases. In this study, we measured the mtDNA copy number in peripheral blood leukocytes in a group of opiate abusers compared with those in healthy individuals. Met...

N(alpha)-acetylation, the most common protein modification, involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to the N-terminus of a protein or peptide. The major N(alpha)-acetyltransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the ARDI-NATI complex. To investigate N(alpha) -acetylation in Trypanosoma brucei we have cloned and characterised genes encoding putative homologues of ARD1 and ...

acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase α (acc-alpha) is considered as the key regulatory enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis. acc-alpha gene is located on caprine chromosome 11 and is polymorphic in many goat breeds. in the current study, we aimed to find possible single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the exon 1 region of the acc-alpha gene in iranian mahabadi goat breed. genomic dna was extracted fro...

Background: Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) gene is an inhibitor of apoptosis that expresses in human embryonic tissues but it is absent in most healthy adult tissues. The copy number of BIRC5 has been indicated to be highly increased in tumor tissues; however, its association with the age of onset in breast cancer is not well understood. Methods: Forty tumor tiss...

spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by homozygous deletion of the survival motor neuron gene 1 (smn1) in more than 90% of patients. according to the age of onset and severity of the disease, sma is classified into three groups: type i (severe), type ii (intermediate) and type iii (mild). as reported, the smn2 gene, centromeric copy gene, showed ...

Background: The analysis of the gene copy number alterations in tumor samples are increasingly used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, these procedures are not always applicable due to their invasive nature. In this study, we have analyzed the copy number alterations of five genes (HER2, MDM2, c-MYC, c-MET, and TP53) with a fixed relevance for ...

We analysed the fate, expression and germ line transmission of exogenous DNA which was microinjected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis. DNA was injected into fertilized eggs within 1 h following fertilization. The injected DNA was dispersed around the site of injection and became localized to cleavage nuclei by stage 6. Injected DNA persisted in the tissues of 6- to 8-month-old frogs and e...