This paper presents an algorithm that redirects proofs by contradiction. The input is a refutation graph, as produced by an automatic theorem prover (e.g., E, SPASS, Vampire, Z3); the output is a direct proof expressed in natural deduction extendedwith case analyses and nested subproofs. The algorithm is implemented in Isabelle’s Sledgehammer, where it enhances the legibility of machine-generat...

The purpose of this paper is to apply TRIZ for solving the GSC problems in Sobhanoncology pharmaceutical firm. A review of the past papers of TRIZ based methods to GSC problem resolution is presented. The TRIZ contradiction matrix tool which was applied to the specific problem brings many benefits e.g.: being rapid acceleration in solving the problem. Moreover provides repeatability, reliabilit...

some contemporary logicians have introduced a new simple method of logical consequences and reduced all immediate arguments to conversion and obversion. by dint of positive and infinite terms, one of the logicians, reza akbari, increased the four traditional quantified propositions to 32 ones: the 4 well-known positives, 4 subject-infinites, 4 predicate-infinites, 4 two-sided-infinites, and the...

The world-wide attempts in obtaining thin-film crystalline silicon are reviewed. Based on literature published sofar, it appears that high-temperature manufacturing steps seem to be unavoidable for obtaining high conversion efficiencies of crystalline silicon based solar cells. High process temperatures are in contradiction for the use of low-cost substrates like e.g. glass or aluminium. Such s...

Contradiction detection is a task to recognize contradiction relations between a pair of sentences. Despite the effectiveness of traditional context-based word embedding learning algorithms in many natural language processing tasks, such algorithms are not powerful enough for contradiction detection. Contrasting words such as “overfull” and “empty” are mostly mapped into close vectors in such e...