the ground reaction curve (grc) is a vital component of the convergence-confinement method, which possesses many applications in the underground space designs. it defines a relation between the tunnel wall deformations and the ground pressure acting on the tunnel walls. generally, grc includes descending and ascending branches. according to many researchers, the descending branch trend for the ...

The design of underground spaces is mainly carried out using empirical, analytical, and numerical methods. The convergence confinement method (CCM) is an analytical technique that is widely utilized in analyzing the stability of underground spaces. However, the main challenge in the stability analysis is the selection of an accurate constitutive model for rock mass, and particularly, its post-f...

The assumption of the Convergence–Confinement Method (CCM) is analysis interaction behavior support and ground a deep circular tunnel under an isotropic stress field. Aiming to improve this method, paper proposes discussion on influence overburden depth anisotropy. To consider effect, reaction in different depths due advancing excavation investigated. Under anisotropic conditions, analytical so...

we present a collocation method to obtain the approximate solutionof troesch's problem which arises in the confinement of a plasmacolumn by radiation pressure and applied physics. by using thechristov rational functions and collocation points, this methodtransforms troesch's problem into a system of nonlinear algebraicequations. the rate of convergence is shown to be exponential. then...

We present a collocation method to obtain the approximate solution of Troesch's problem which arises in the confinement of a plasma column by radiation pressure and applied physics. By using the Christov rational functions and collocation points, this method transforms Troesch's problem into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. The rate of convergence is shown to be exponential. The numer...

Dimensionless coefficient () in convergence confinement method shows the relaxation of stress in the wall of the tunnel at different excavation movements. This factor is considered a constant number in previous studies and tunnel geometric characteristics (such as depth, cross-section shape, radius, soil material, etc.) are not included in its determination; however, ignoring these effects can...

Convergent Cross-Mapping (CCM) has shown high potential to perform causal inference in the absence of models. We assess the strengths and weaknesses of the method by varying coupling strength and noise levels in coupled logistic maps. We find that CCM fails to infer accurate coupling strength and even causality direction in synchronized time-series and in the presence of intermediate coupling. ...

The ground reaction curve (GRC) is a vital component of the convergence-confinement method, which possesses many applications in the underground space designs. It defines a relation between the tunnel wall deformations and the ground pressure acting on the tunnel walls. Generally, GRC includes descending and ascending branches. According to many researchers, the descending branch trend for the ...

this paper addresses the problem of quantifying the mechanical contribution of rockbolts installed systematically around tunnels (regularly spaced around the tunnel) excavated in rock masses. assuming that the mechanical contribution of grouted rockbolts is that of increasing internal pressure within a broken rock mass, a new procedure for computation of ground response curves for a circular tu...