Bifurcation properties, stability behavior, dynamics, and the heat transfer of convection in a horizontal fluid layer that is driven away from thermal equilibrium by imposing a vertical temperature difference are compared with those resulting from imposing a heat current. Similarities and differences are elucidated. In particular various paradigmatic backwards bifurcating convection structures ...

A theory for the electromagnetic radiation from unbalanced transmission lines is developed. It is shown that radiation results from the convection current that develops in unbalanced transmission lines where the resistances of the lines are unequal. The process that leads to the generation of the nonlinear convection current in unbalanced transmission lines is explained. It is proved that the c...

The shear-current effect in a nonrotating homogeneous turbulent convection with a large-scale constant shear is studied. The large-scale velocity shear causes anisotropy of turbulent convection, which produces the mean electromotive force epsilon (W) proportional to W x J and the mean electric current along the original mean magnetic field, where W is the background mean vorticity due to the sh...

An extensive study of ring current injection and intensification of the storm-time ring current is conducted with three-dimensional (3-D) test particle trajectory calculations (TPTCs). The TPTCs reveal more accurately the process of ring current injection, with the main results being the following: (1) an intense convection electric field can effectively energize and inject plasma sheet particl...

The present paper presents a simple theory for the transformation of nonprecipitating, shallow convection into precipitating, deep convective clouds. Tomake the pertinent point amuch idealized system is considered, consisting only of shallow and deep convection without large-scale forcing. The transformation is described by an explicit coupling between these two types of convection. Shallow con...

In this paper, the natural convection heat transfer of Al2O3-EG-water nanofluid in a rectangular cavity which is heated from the bottom and is cooled from the top has been investigated numerically. The governing equations for a Newtonian fluid have been solved numerically with a finite volume approach using the SIMPLER algorithm. The main focus of the current study is on the effects of variable...

Restratification after deep convection, a key factor in determining the temporal variability of dense water formation in the Labrador Sea, is governed by lateral buoyancy fluxes. The role of three different eddy types in this process is assessed using an idealized model to simulate the restratification season. For a realistic shape of the convection area, it is shown that in the model warm core...

The effect of magnetospheric substorms on the global ionospheric convection pattern is widely debated. Discussed here, is a study made of ionospheric electric currents, co-incident with plasma convection at the time of substorm onset, using the HF radars of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), and the global array of ground magnetometers. Preliminary results are presented, which ut...

We examine the large-scale ultraviolet aurora and convection responses to a series of flux transfer events that immediately followed a sharp and isolated southward turning of the IMF. During the interval of interest, SuperDARN was monitoring the plasma convection in the dayside northern ionosphere, while the VIS Earth Camera and the Far Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) were monitoring the northern hemi...