abstract background and aim: consider ing based on the presence or absence of swelling of the optic disc, optic neuritis classified nto two types of anterior and retrobulbar optic neuritis. the aim of this study was to compare the visual functions of patients with anterior optic neuritis and retrobulbar optic neuritis. materials and methods:this cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 patient...

e present a simplified dual-channel discrimination model with spatio-temporal filters to represent the t s visual system contrast sensitivity, and masking based on local spatio-temporal contrast energy. The contras ensitivity filter parameters of the model were based on previous work. The masking and global sensitivity h t parameters are calibrated to masking data using brief grating target sig...

The most commonly-used mode of imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has made use of the annular dark-field (ADF) detector. Recently, however, there has been increased interest in bright-field (BF) modes. By reciprocity, a small BF detector with collection angles that are about an order of magnitude smaller than the convergence angle of the probe (see Fig. 1) provides ...