introduction: cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis (cvst) is a life threatening condition that needs rapid diagnosis and treatment. it appears comparatively more common in middle east and south asia. objectives: to determine the demographic, clinical patterns, etiologies and prognostic factors of cvst in the north east of iran. materials and methods: all adult patients admitted with a documented di...

background and aims. changes in the balance of sexual hormones during pregnancy decrease gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-6 and the resistance of gingival tissue against inflammations. hormonal contraceptives are agents that are based on the effects of gestational hormones and simulate a state of pregnancy; therefore, they prevent ovulation. this study evaluates the effect of the...

Since the onset of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, a relevant question has been whether contraception can influence or be influenced by the disease, and how HIV prevention can be integrated into HIV prevention and care programmes. On face value, it would appear that the promotion of all types of contraceptives would complement and synergize HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. However, there is now sufficient e...

Community based distribution (CBD) programmes were introduced as a strategy to ensure access of contraceptives to the needy. The strategy is reported to increase contraceptive knowledge and use. Although CBD agents have the advantage of reaching the poor in rural areas, wealth gap does exist even in these settings. The objective of this study was to determine access to information and modern co...

In recent year, there were various types of contraceptives developed having different mode of action. These contraceptives are prepared from natural as well as synthetic sources. These contraceptives worked by prevent the fusion of sperm into ovum, change female hormonal levels and spermicidal activity. Many compounds with different pharmacological activity have been evaluated in vitro for thei...

Progestin-only contraceptives are associated with menstrual bleeding disturbances; a major reason why these agents are discontinued. The pathogenesis of abnormal uterine bleeding associated with progestin-only contraceptives remains ill-defined. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and leukocytes are postulated to be involved in the process of normal menstruation. Immunolocalization of MMPs and leu...

The author discusses the validity of the claim that, in Antiquity, effective contraceptives and abortifacients were available, were widely used, and their use was responsible for the decline of population in certain periods. After reviewing the maneuvers and drugs used for those purposes, the author concludes that ancient physicians did not have at their disposal effective contraceptives and ab...

Currently, Contraceptive agents play a key role in family planning in India. Hormonal contraception is the marketed most common birth control option in women. An estimated 100 million women throughout the world use hormonal contraceptives for prevention of pregnancy. This article briefly describes the recent advances in hormonal contraceptive strategies that may minimize side effects while opti...

BACKGROUND In Sub-Saharan Africa, policy changes have begun to pave the way for community distribution of injectable contraceptives but sustaining such efforts remains challenging. Combining social marketing with community-based distribution provides an opportunity to recover some program costs and compensate workers with proceeds from contraceptive sales. This paper proposes a model for increa...