background most women taking combined oral contraceptives (cocs) are satisfied with their contraceptive method. however, one of the most common reasons reported for discontinuation of combined oral contraceptives (cocs) is mood deterioration. objectives this study aimed to compare effects of the second and third generation oral contraceptive pills on the mood of reproductive women. materials an...

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The synthesis of twenty five esters of testosterone (17β -hydroxyandrost- 4-en-3-one) is described. All esters are derivatives of cycloalkycarboxylic acids. Some of the esters possess α- , β -and/or & - substitution in the ester side-chain. The work was undertaken in order to evaluate long-acting male antifertility effect of such esters. Most of the compounds, especially compound No.1, wer...

Background: Gossypol is a polyphenol isolated from the cotton plant (Gossypium sp.). The substance, shows promise for use as a male contraceptive, is a derivative of cottonseed oil. Various species of animals have been tested and some are more sensitive than others, and in men it causes spermatogenesis arrest at relatively low doses. Materials and Methods: This routine data base study re-examin...

the synthesis of twenty five esters of testosterone (17β -hydroxyandrost- 4-en-3-one) is described. all esters are derivatives of cycloalkycarboxylic acids. some of the esters possess α- , β -and/or & - substitution in the ester side-chain. the work was undertaken in order to evaluate long-acting male antifertility effect of such esters. most of the compounds, especially compound no.1, were fou...

Although there are studies of the influence of rural-urban migration on contraceptive use in Africa, one question poorly explored is how the urban destination context shapes rural-urban migrants' use of contraceptives. Using data from the 2003 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey, we examine the effect of community context in urban areas on recent female migrants' use of modern contraceptiv...

England's Court of Appeal, Civil Division, ruled that parents had the right to prevent a physician at the local health authority from prescribing contraceptives to girls under the age of 16 without parental consent. Since a girl was legally incapable of giving valid consent in other matters before that age, neither could she give valid consent to contraception or abortion. A doctor who provid...

Currently available contraceptive methods have not eliminated the burden of unintended pregnancy. Future progress will require technological advancements, leading to the development of novel and highly effective birth control strategies that will be acceptable to the general population. Included are highlights of some of the ongoing research, demonstrating the development of methods with the po...

Currently, Contraceptive agents play a key role in family planning in India. Hormonal contraception is the marketed most common birth control option in women. An estimated 100 million women throughout the world use hormonal contraceptives for prevention of pregnancy. This article briefly describes the recent advances in hormonal contraceptive strategies that may minimize side effects while opti...