in this paper, a higher order continuum model is presented based on the cosserat continuum theory in 3d numerical simulation of shear band localization. as the classical continuum models suffer from the pathological mesh-dependence in strain softening models, the governing equations are regularized by adding the rotational degrees-of-freedom to conventional degrees-of-freedom. the fundamental r...

A lot of absorption lines are in the bluewards of Lyα emission line of quasar which is well-known as Lyαforest. Most of absorption lines in this forest belong to the Lyα absorption of the neutral hydrogen in the inter-galactic medium (IGM). For high redshift quasars and in the continuum with low and medium resolution, there are no many regions without absorption, so that, the quasar continuum i...

based on the notion of micro-structure in linear elasticity presented by mindlin, a newextended continuum mechanics (ecm) formulation is derived which can be utilized to model thematerial behavior at atomic scale. an attempt has been made to present a formulation capable ofproducing the molecular dynamics (md) simulation results with less computational effort. to thisend, some new kinematical v...

Incorporation of van der Waals interactions enables the continuum model of electrodiffusion in biomolecular system to avoid the artifacts of introducing a molecular surface and the painful task of the surface mesh generation. Calculation examples show that the electrostatics, diffusion-reaction kinetics, and molecular surface defined as an isosurface of a certain density distribution can be ext...

In this paper, we develop a macroscopic model for pedestrian flow using the dynamic continuum modeling approach. We consider a two-dimensional walking facility that is represented as a continuum within which pedestrians can move freely in any direction. A pedestrian chooses a route based on his or her memory of the shortest path to the desired destination when the facility is empty and, at the ...

We imaged nanoscale lattice strain in a multilayer semiconductor device prototype with a new X-ray technique, nanofocused Bragg projection ptychography. Applying this technique to the epitaxial stressor layer of a SiGe-on-SOI structure, we measured the internal lattice behavior in a targeted region of a single device and demonstrated that its internal strain profile consisted of two competing l...

We have calculated the Wandzura-Wilczek contribution to the twist-3 part of γ * γ → 2π amplitude. It describes interaction of the longitudinally polarized virtual photon with the real one, and it is suppressed by 1/Q, where Q 2 is the virtuality of the γ * , as compared to the twist-2 contribution. We have found that, in the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation, factorization applies to the twist-3 a...

The noisy dynamics of chemical systems is commonly studied using either the chemical master equation (CME) or the chemical Fokker-Planck equation (CFPE). The latter is a continuum approximation of the discrete CME approach. It has recently been shown that for a particular system, the CFPE captures noise-induced multistability predicted by the CME. This phenomenon involves the CME's marginal pro...