background: leishmaniasis represents a major public health concern in tropical and sub-tropical countries. at present, there is no efficacious vaccine against the disease and new control methods are needed. one way to access this important goal is to knock out genes of specific macromolecules to evaluate the effect of deletion on the growth, multiplication, pathogenesis and immunity of the para...

prayer is the most principle worship andthe most important divine prophet’s advice especially by holy messengermuhammad. prayer has been established by the divine religions and has been as an importablecomponent in all ofthem. prayer meets the especial altitude in islam. the effects and blesses ofthis holy value has been cited with fine and summary expression in the quran.refection in these uni...

W. W. Riedel's 1970 report of an investigation of personal constructs, using schizophrenics as Ss, encourages criticism of two major aspects of such endeavors. Unwarranted application of the disease model as a paradigm for studying undesirable conduct produces a series of strategy errors: weak explication of linkages between theory and measurements, noninclusion of relevant demographic data, un...