It is known that the directed cycle of order $n$ uniquely achieves the minimum spectral radius among all strongly connected digraphs of order $nge 3$. In this paper, among others, we determine the digraphs which achieve the second, the third and the fourth minimum spectral radii respectively among strongly connected digraphs of order $nge 4$.  

It has been proved that sphericity testing for digraphs is an NP-complete problem. Here, we investigate sphericity of 3-connected single source digraphs. We provide a new combinatorial characterization of sphericity and give a linear time algorithm for sphericity testing. Our algorithm tests whether a 3-connected single source digraph with $n$ vertices is spherical in $O(n)$ time.

it is known that the directed cycle of order $n$ uniquely achieves the minimum spectral radius among all strongly connected digraphs of order $nge 3$. in this paper, among others, we determine the digraphs which achieve the second, the third and the fourth minimum spectral radii respectively among strongly connected digraphs of order $nge 4$.

let $d$ be a digraph with vertex set $v(d)$. for vertex $vin v(d)$, the degree of $v$,denoted by $d(v)$, is defined as the minimum value if its out-degree and its in-degree.now let $d$ be a digraph with minimum degree $deltage 1$ and edge-connectivity$lambda$. if $alpha$ is real number, then the zeroth-order general randic index is definedby $sum_{xin v(d)}(d(x))^{alpha}$. a digraph is maximall...

it has been proved that sphericity testing for digraphs is an np-complete problem. here, we investigate sphericity of 3-connected single source digraphs. we provide a new combinatorial characterization of sphericity and give a linear time algorithm for sphericity testing. our algorithm tests whether a 3-connected single source digraph with $n$ vertices is spherical in $o(n)$ time.

We classify the finite connected-homogeneous digraphs, as well as the infinite locally finite such digraphs with precisely one end. This completes the classification of all the locally finite connected-homogeneous digraphs.