musculocutaneous pedicled/ free flaps are an essential prerequisite for reconstructive surgery. amongst the trunk muscles commonly harvested for flaps, the trapezius and rectus abdominis provide satisfactory coverage for cranial and trunk defects. unilateral/ bilateral or partial congenital absence of trapezius muscle is well documented and may result in muscular imbalances compromising posture...

PURPOSE To screen the myocilin (MYOC) and forkhead box protein C1 (FOXC1) genes for sequence variations in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). METHODS Seventy five PCG patients were screened for MYOC variations and 54 cases (negative or heterozygous for cytochrome P4501B1 mutations) for FOXC1 mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Five single nucleotide poly...

Congenital variations and anomalies in the human body are clinically important and surgeons must be aware of those. Various human congenital malformation types have been reported. The liver is the largest organ of the digestive system. Numerous studies surveyed malposition in the liver and its attachments, because variations in the hypochondriac region and liver attachments may cause acute abdo...

Knowing the normal anatomy, variations, congenital and acquired pathologies of the portal venous system are important, especially when planning liver surgery and percutaneous interventional procedures. The portal venous system pathologies can be congenital such as agenesis of portal vein (PV) or can be involved by other hepatic disorders such as cirrhosis and malignancies. In this article, we p...

Unexpected and puzzling variations in bronchial anatomy might be discovered during bronchoscopy. The occurrence of congenital tracheobronchial anomaly is estimated to range between 1% and 12% of the overall population.1 We present 2 rare cases of congenital bronchial anomaly that were discovered during bronchoscopy and that emphasize the value of computed tomogram (CT) in diagnosing congenital ...

INTRODUCTION We aimed to evaluate pathological extraspinal findings and congenital anomalies/anatomical variations that were incidentally detected on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of intervertebral discs, to find the frequencies of these incidental findings, and to emphasise the clinical importance of them. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study including 1031 consecutive pat...