the study area is the rahmat anticline. this is located in fars province (sw fold simple zagros belt). the aims of this study are morphotectonic studies and structural analysis in several parts of area. for this purpose: 1) morphotectonic indices, drainage basin shape index (bs), mountain front sinuosity index (smf) and valley floor width – height ratio (vf) were measured by digital elevation m...

The sub-Himalayan thrust belt is an active thrust wedge which progresses southward over the northdipping Indian plate. The north–south compression resulted in severe deformation of sedimentary rocks in this belt. Distinct thrust geometries and topography have evolved under the interaction between tectonic and erosional environments. To better understand the relationship between tectonics and to...

The concept of tectonics has always been dependent on the duality between technology and representation. Botticher (1852) acknowledged the tectonic duality between structure and cladding. Semper (1951), conversely, highlighted the role of the joint in tectonics within its four elements of earthwork, hearth, framework–roof and enclosing membrane. His approach promoted the essence of the presence...

Plate tectonics is one of the major factors affecting the potential habitability of a terrestrial planet. The physics of plate tectonics is, however, still far from being complete, leading to considerable uncertainty when discussing planetary habitability. Here, I summarize recent developments on the evolution of plate tectonics on Earth, which suggest a radically new view on Earth dynamics: co...

To understand the evolution and the habitability of any rocky exoplanet demands detailed knowledge about its geophysical state and history—such as predicting the tectonic mode of a planet. Yetno astronomical observation can directly confirm or rule out the occurrence of plate tectonics on a given exoplanet. Moreover, the field of plate tectonics is still young—questioning whether we should stu...

The most distinctive feature of the Upper Triassic (Carnian) Quaco Formation, coastal New Brunswick, Canada, is the pervasive occurrence of cm-scale circular to elliptical markings and indentations on the cobble surfaces. Also present on many of the cobbles are fractures that radiate from these indentations and spalled clast margins. The smooth-surfaced depressions that occur on most cobbles li...

Introduction. Previous studies of initiation of plate tectonics were concerned mostly with the present-day Earth where plate tectonics is actively occurring [1-3]. Understanding of how plate tectonics starts and can be sustained for a long time on an Earth-like planet is a different problem. Investigation of this problem began only recently [4-6]. This problem is also important for understandin...

We provide new kinematic data from the Potwar Plateau (Pakistan) to evaluate tectonic evolution of region during Neogene. The plateau is bound by two major strike-slip faults in west and east, accommodating its southwards translation.We have recognized Neogene deformation phases plateau, based on paleostress inversion Anisotropy Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) tensors. first phase lasted until ea...

Plate tectonics is the horizontal motion of Earth’s thermal boundary layer (lithosphere) over the convecting mantle (asthenosphere) and is mostly driven by lithosphere sinking in subduction zones. Plate tectonics is an outstanding example of a self organizing, far from equilibrium complex system (SOFFECS), driven by the negative buoyancy of the thermal boundary layer and controlled by dissipati...

The long-term carbon cycle is vital for maintaining liquid water oceans on rocky planets due to the negative climate feedbacks involved in silicate weathering. Plate tectonics plays a crucial role in driving the long-term carbon cycle because it is responsible for CO2 degassing at ridges and arcs, the return of CO2 to the mantle through subduction, and supplying fresh, weatherable rock to the s...