for an arbitrary ring $r$, the zero-divisor graph of $r$, denoted by $gamma (r)$, is an undirected simple graph that its vertices are all nonzero zero-divisors of $r$ in which any two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if either $xy=0$ or $yx=0$. it is well-known that for any commutative ring $r$, $gamma (r) cong gamma (t(r))$ where $t(r)$ is the (total) quotient ring of $r$. in this...

For an arbitrary ring $R$, the zero-divisor graph of $R$, denoted by $Gamma (R)$, is an undirected simple graph that its vertices are all nonzero zero-divisors of $R$ in which any two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if either $xy=0$ or $yx=0$. It is well-known that for any commutative ring $R$, $Gamma (R) cong Gamma (T(R))$ where $T(R)$ is the (total) quotient ring of $R$. In this...

Let R be a commutative ring with identity such that R admits at least two maximal ideals. In this article, we associate a graph with R whose vertex set is the set of all proper ideals I of R such that I is not contained in the Jacobson radical of R and distinct vertices I and J are joined by an edge if and only if I and J are not comparable under the inclusion relation. The aim of this article ...

In this paper, we present new optimization techniques for the recently introduced Majority-Inverter Graph (MIG). Our optimizations exploit intrinsic algebraic properties of MIGs and aim at rewriting the complemented edges of the graph without changing its shape. Two exact algorithms are proposed to minimize the number of complemented edges in the graph. The former is a dynamic programming metho...

In this article, some interesting applications of generalized inverses in the graph theory are revisited. Interesting properties employed to make proof several known results simpler, and techniques such as bordering method inverse complemented matrix methods used obtain simple expressions for Moore-Penrose incidence Laplacian matrix. Some simpler obtained special cases tree graph, complete bipa...

Let S be a locally compact foundation semigroup with identity and                          be its semigroup algebra. Let X be a weak*-closed left translation invariant subspace of    In this paper, we prove that  X  is invariantly  complemented in   if and  only if  the left ideal  of    has a bounded approximate identity. We also prove that a foundation semigroup with identity S is left amenab...