this study was conducted to assess comparative examination of relationship between competitive intelligence with marketing effectiveness. for this purpose 110 branches managers of private and public banks in zanjan province were selected by stratified random sampling. the instrument of study were competitive intelligence (fahey, 2007) marketing effectiveness (kotler, 1997). results indicated th...

Research summary: We examine why a firm takes specific competitive action in nonmarket and resource-market spaces, particularly when it perceives threats from informal and foreign competitor groups, respectively. We address this question by combining insights from competitive rivalry, strategic groups, and nonmarket strategy literatures in an emerging economy context. Specifically, we theorize ...

pioneering in a dynamic environment is among the issues which most of the organizations, especially knowledge-based institutions will encounter. for using and exploiting the opportunities and also for overcoming threats, there should exist some innovations in the modern technologies domain. therefore, for fulfilling this important issue, organizations are required to monitor inside and outside ...

Introduced vertebrate predators are one of the most important threats to endemic species throughout a range of ecosystems, in particular on islands in biodiversity hot spots. Consequently, the reduction of predator numbers is considered a key conservation action in the management of many native vertebrates vulnerable to predators. It is now established that control attempts may affect non-targe...

If you think a promiscuous client is a scantily-dressed customer, you're in trouble. And I'm not talking about having an affair. Think an evil twin is a horror-movie villain? Wrong again. The horror you should be bracing yourself for is not on the silver screen — and it's not from a rolling pin flung at you from across the kitchen, for that matter. Rather, the trouble is in the airwaves and tar...