نتایج جستجو برای: community punishment
تعداد نتایج: 372853 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Before the abolition of the death penalty for homicide the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 defined 18 years as the minimum age for execution, the last teenager to be hanged being "Flossie" Forsythe in 1960 at the age of 18. Prior to 1966 a murderer could "hang by the neck until dead" and due to this courts were more ready to allow a culprit to be termed "insane". Since then the number of "i...
since the last few years, criminal policy authorities of iran started to withdraw their previous emphasis on repressive approaches and under the impact of criminological studies and translation of policy initiatives in western countries new concept and vocabulary were entered into official discourse and criminal justice policy of iran. consequently, a list of community-based approaches to crimi...
This study advances understanding of predictors of child abuse and neglect at multiple levels of influence. Mothers, fathers, and children (N = 1,418 families, M age of children = 8.29 years) were interviewed annually in three waves in 13 cultural groups in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). Multilevel models were estima...
We introduce the possibility of direct punishment by specialized enforcers into a model of community enforcement. Specialized enforcers need to be given incentives to carry out costly punishments. Our main result shows that, when the specialized enforcement technology is suffi ciently effective, cooperation is best sustained by a “one-time enforcer punishment equilibrium,” where any deviation b...
ali hossein najafi abrand abadi associate professor, shahid beheshti university mohammad jafar habibzadeh associate professor, department of law, tarbiat modares university abulfat'h khaleghi ph.d. student of criminal law, tarbiat modares university the imprisonment (custodial sentences) is the most common and expensive sanction in the criminal law, which has enjoyed hardly any success on ...
Drug crimes, regardless of the economic consequences, have threatened public and individual health and determined the international community to combat them effectively. Therefore, in the laws in question, confiscation of property is considered as a punishment for criminals of drug crimes; while from a jurisprudential point of view, this punishment has faced challenges. The findings of the pres...
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship of corporal punishment with children's behavior problems while accounting for neighborhood context and while using stronger statistical methods than previous literature in this area, and to examine whether different levels of corporal punishment have different effects in different neighborhood contexts. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING General...
Individuals usually punish free riders but refuse to sanction those who cooperate but do not punish. This missing second-order peer punishment is a fundamental problem for the stabilization of cooperation. To solve this problem, most societies today have implemented central authorities that punish free riders and tax evaders alike, such that second-order punishment is fully established. The eme...
OBJECTIVES To assess physicians' attitudes towards corporal punishment in childhood and their subsequent actions regarding the reporting of child abuse. PARTICIPANTS 107 physicians (95 pediatricians and 12 family practitioners) who work in hospitals and community clinics in northern Israel were interviewed. Of the participants, 16% were new immigrants. PROCEDURE A structured interview was c...
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