1. The second question suggested by the analytical framework is whether market failures will result from decreases in the prices of commodity outputs, in a context of agricultural policy reform. To answer this question, we need to know: (1) how price decreases will affect the level of production of both commodity and non-commodity outputs, and (2) what is the value of the resulting reduction in...

Indicators to assess sustainable land development often focus on either economic or ecologic aspects of landscape use. The concept of multifunctional land use helps merging those two focuses by emphasising on the rule that economic action is per se accompanied by ecological utility: commodity outputs (CO, e.g., yields) are paid for on the market, but non-commodity outputs (NCO, e.g., landscape ...

We present the impact of the farms heterogeneily on the promotion of non-commodily outputs on a French case study. We show first that the large heterogeneity of the ratio of the amount of non-commodity and commodity outputs supplied by the farms can 00 captured by aonedimensional parameter: the type of the farm. Second, using the relationship OOtween the amount of non-commodity and commodily ou...

it is a well-known result in both environmental economics and natural resources managementthat you will not be able to manage what you are not able to measure. this paper presents a dichotomous-choicecontingent valuation survey that analyses individuals’ preferences for the implementation of a rural developmentprogram (rdp) that fosters the provision of non-commodity outputs in rural areas in s...

Output growth in the U.S., a commodity-importing country, increases its demand for imports of commodities and therefore commodity prices, which benefits commodityexporting countries but has adverse effects on commodity-importing countries. Hence, in the data, U.S. output is more positively correlated with outputs of commodity-exporting countries than commodity-importing countries. In other word...

Financial charting software is widely used in share, commodity and foreign currency exchange markets to visualize and analyze price movements. Its quality is critical because incorrect outputs may lead to wrong analysis and trading decisions, and consequently substantial financial losses. Human visual judgment is often required to test financial charting software because of the graphical comple...

A market of potato commodity for industry scale usage is engaging several types of actors. They are farmers, middlemen, and industries. A multi-agent system has been built to simulate these actors into agent entities, based on manually given parameters within a simulation scenario file. Each type of agents has its own fuzzy logic representing actual actors' knowledge, to be used to interpreting...

We investigate the volatility dynamics of commodity price and dependence structure between prices output growth in G7 EM7 economies using a semiparametric GARCH-in-Mean copula approach. show that for economies, symmetric weak tail exists outputs France, Germany, Japan. For lower is observed Brazil, Indonesia. No statistically significant found rest economies.

Commodity prices have increased sharply during the past fi ve years, which has provided a signifi cant boost to Australia’s terms of trade. This article places the recent commodity price boom in an historical context, drawing on an analysis of very long-run price series, and documents some unique features of the current price cycle. The article shows that over an extended period, at least until...

abstract in this paper an attempt is made to determine the most suitable agricultural commodities to be adopted for establishing a futures market in iran. two different approaches are adopted: the first involves identifying factors that contribute significantly to the success or failure of existing agricultural commodities futures contracts in established futures markets. the second involves si...