To clarify the production mechanisms and biologic functions of domoic acid (DA) by the red alga Chondria armata, we established a laboratory culture of C. armata. The alga grew better in modified PES medium (mPES) without trace metals or manganese than in unmodified mPES (seawater + nitrate, phosphate, iron, trace metals, vitamins, and 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-ethanesulfonic acid), ...

Seven new species, Protaphorura jernikasp. n., Protaphorura absconditasp. n., Protaphorura tuvinicasp. n., Protaphorura vasilinaesp. n., Protaphorura sayanicasp. n., Protaphorura oligopseudocellatasp. n. and Protaphorura nikolaisp. n. from different habitats of the southern Siberia and Far East of Russia, are described. Protaphorura ombrophila (Stach, 1960) is redescribed based on the type spec...

Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 is characterized by the postantennal organ with numerous simple vesicles, the number of chaetae in the distal row of tibiotarsi as 11, the absence of chaeta d0 on the head, the furca reduced to a cuticular pocket with 2+2 dental chaetae, the presence of three or four manubrial rows of chaetae and having anal spines set on distinct papillae (Weiner 1996, Pomorski 1998)...

This study was carried out to determine effects of different durations (20, 40, 60 days and control) of cold stratification treatments on seed germination and to overcome dormancy in seeds of twelve different drought tolerant plants. The species used in this study were Arbutus andrachne L., Cistus creticus L., Colutea armena Bois. Huet., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Cotoneaster numullaria Fisch. an...