Abstract: In recent years deadly earthquakes in seismic areas have caused special concerns regarding liquefaction phenomenon by researchers and specialists. Excess pore water pressure in loose sediments may cause phenomena such as boiling, shearing strength and dynamic stiffness reduction and lateral movements cause difficulties. Many remedial methods such as soil replacement with proper materi...

Extensive network of tile drains present in the Midwest USA accelerate losses of nutrients to receiving ditches, rivers and eventually to the Gulf of Mexico. Nutrient inputs from agricultural watersheds and their role in affecting water quality have received increased attention recently; however, benthic sediment-nutrient interactions in tile-fed drainage ditches is still a matter of active res...

Bacteria transport in soils primarily occurs through soil mesopores and macropores (e.g., biopores and cracks). Field research has demonstrated that biopores and subsurface drains can be hydraulically connected. This research was conducted to investigate the importance of surface connected and disconnected (buried) biopores on Escherichia coli (E. coli) transport when biopores are located near ...

BACKGROUND The morbidity of pancreatic resection remains high, with pancreatic fistula being the most common cause. The important question is whether any postoperative treatment adjustment may prevent the development of clinically significant postoperative pancreatic fistulae. Recent studies have shown that intraabdominal drains and manipulation using them are of great importance. Although auth...

OBJECTIVE After an observational study on 50 patients determined the efficacy and safety of a small calibre (19F), flexible, fluted spiral drains with round cross-section after non-cardiac thoracic surgery we undertook a prospective study to compare these drains to standard chest drains also in terms of pain using a Visual Analog Score. METHODS One hundred consecutive patients who had to unde...

INTRODUCTION The prophylactic use of closed suction drains after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the management of gynecologic tumors has been widely used to prevent collections of clots or lymph and to avoid infections and postoperative fistulas. The improvement of newer surgical techniques, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, and the nonclosure of the peritoneum led to the need to reevaluat...

mathematical simulation of flow toward drains is an important and indispensable stage in drainage design and management. many related models have been developed, but most of them simulate the saturated flow toward drains without a due consideration of the unsaturated zone. in this study, the two dimensional differential equation governing saturated and unsaturated flow in porous media is numeri...