Discussions of intraguild predation (IGP) have assumed that the nutritional quality of intraguild (IG) prey is similar to that of any other prey available to the IG predator. It has been suggested therefore that generalist predators do not distinguish between healthy and parasitized aphids and thus function as facultative predators of parasitoids. More recent studies have shown that predators m...

Biological control is a very safe and effective method for the management of pests. In this study, Coccinella undecimpunctata (Reiche) adults were used in Aphid gossypii population. The total mean reduction percentage A. individuals recorded 67.8, 74.7 and   85.26 % at three different levels release treatment 1, 3 5 adult predators/plants respectively. Also, results showed that releasing C. und...

fumigant toxicity of camphor was studied against the aphid aphis craccivora koch and three associated natural enemies, i.e. coccinella undecimpunctata l., aphelinus albipodus hayat & fatima and aphidius colemani viereck. aphis craccivora was the most tolerant one compared with all tested natural enemies as the recorded lc50 values were 12.71, 6.33, 1.16 and 0.48 mg camphor/liter space for t...

Ladybirds are a hot-spot for the invasion of male-killing bacteria. These maternally inherited endosymbionts cause the death of male host embryos, to the benefit of female sibling hosts and the bacteria that they contain. Previous studies have shown that high temperatures can eradicate male-killers from ladybirds, leaving the host free from infection. Here we report the discovery of two materna...

The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a key pest in pistachio orchards in Iran. Chemical control is a common method to manage this pest. Compatibility between natural enemies and pesticides is a primary concern in programs of integrated pest management of the psyllid pest. In this research, susceptibility of fifth instar nymphs of A...