This paper presents the detailed model of a double clutch actuator with a suitable control algorithm. Firstly, there is an introduction into the theory of a double clutch transmission and the aim of this project. The simulation model with a Dymola R © and a MATLAB R ©/Simulink R © part is discussed. The library of a vehicle model with a highly detailed hydromechanical clutch is introduced, whic...

In this paper a smooth control algorithm for gear shifting is proposed for improving longitudinal dynamic performance during dry dual-clutch engagements while shifting up or down takes place based on measurements of engine speed and clutch speed, and on estimation of the dual-clutch engaging torque. Simulation effort is made by Matlab/Simulink for transient responses of the overall propulsion s...

an interface part is used between clutch pedal and clutch cable in peugeot, samand, rd and peugeot pars. this part is consisted of two pieces. the main body is made of polyamide 6.6 and the second part is made of ck45.due to the fact that the two pieces are made of different assembling geometry with respect to each other, therefore, has caused performance problems which may result in clutch cab...

Life-history theory predicts that for small clutches, variance in egg size (between individuals) should decrease in a predictable invariant manner as clutch size increases. To test this, we studied Daphnia magna at 350 different food treatments and recorded the number of eggs and the volume of each egg for their first clutch. As predicted, we found that the relationship between clutch size and ...

Eudyptes penguins (six species) are uniquely characterized by a two-egg clutch with extreme intraclutch egg-size dimorphism (ESD): the first-laid A-egg is 17.5%-56.9% smaller than the B-egg. Although A-eggs are viable, they almost never produce fledged chicks (genus average <1%). Using classical life-history theory and phylogenetic comparative methods, we demonstrate a marked slowdown in the li...

Parental care meets several critical needs of developing offspring. In particular, egg brooding in pythons is an exceptional model for examining environmental influences on specific parental behaviors because brooding behaviors are dynamic yet simple and modulate embryonic temperature, respiration, and water balance. We used captive Children's pythons (Antaresia childreni) to assess their facul...

Wet friction clutches have become widely used in today’s transmissions, e.g. automatic transmissions, dual clutch transmissions, etc. It is known that the central role of this particular component is strongly determined by its friction characteristics. While a clutch is in use, degradation inevitably takes place that consequently deteriorates its friction characteristics. However, to the author...

The negative relationship between offspring number and offspring size provides a classic example of the role of trade-offs in life history theory. However, the evolutionary transitions in egg size and clutch size that have produced this negative relationship are still largely unknown. Since body size may affect both of these traits, it would be helpful to understand how evolutionary changes in ...