In this article, first we generalize the concept of complete parts in hyperrings by introducing the concept R-parts in hyperrings and then we study R-closures in hyperrings. Finally we characterize R-closures in hyperfields.

BACKGROUND School closures were widely implemented in Argentina during the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus pandemic. OBJECTIVES To assess the economic impact of school closures on households, their effectiveness in preventing children from engaging in social group activities, and parental attitudes toward them. METHODS Three schools that closed for 2 weeks in response to the pandemic were identif...

General transitive closures are a convenient operation for process ing recursive structures with relational languages because they are easy to understand e ciently to implement and expressive enough to support a broad range of practical applications To further extend the expressiveness of general transitive closures we study the use of aggregate functions together with general transitive closur...

Turbulence in compressible plasma plays a key role inmany areas of astrophysics and engineering. The extreme plasma parameters in these environments, e.g. highReynolds numbers, supersonic and super-Alfvenic flows, however,make direct numerical simulations computationally intractable even for the simplest treatment—magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). To overcome this problemone can use subgrid-scale (SG...

The number of rural hospital closures has increased significantly in recent years. This trend is expected to continue, raising questions about the impact the closures will have on rural communities’ access to health care services. To investigate the factors that contribute to rural hospital closures and the impact those closures have on access to health care in rural communities, the Kaiser Com...