introduction: the value of embryonic stem-like cells in cloning is obvious. production of cloned animals can be achieved by introduction of these cells into a tetraploid embryo. tetraploid embryo is used as a feeder for development of embryonic stem-like cells and can be produced in vitro by electro-fusion of 2-cell embryos. the aim of this study was to ass,essthe effect of voltage alteration a...

background: the values of embryonic stem cell and cloning are evident. production of clone from embryonic stem cells can be achieved by introduction of stem cell into a tetraploid blastocyst. tetraploid blastocyst can be produced in vitro by electrofusion of 2-cell embryos. objective: the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different voltages and durations on fusion rate of bovine 2-c...

Background: The aim of our study was to compare the resulting from transfer of embryos that cryopereserved in cleavage stage after thawing and transfer of embryos after thawing and culture in sequentional media until blastocyst formation. Materials and Methods: In this prospective clinical study, we have evaluated 128 cycles in women undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sp...

background: hla-g is a major histocompatibility complex (mhc), class ib molecule that is selectively expressed at the fetal–maternal interface. it is thought to play a role in protecting the fetus from the maternal immune response. interestingly, the preimplantation embryo development (ped) gene product qa-2 is also a mouse mhc class ib protein that affects cleavage and division of preimplantat...

the aim of this study was to examine the possible morphological and morphometric changes resulting from vitrification of embryos at the cleavage stage. in this study, 30 mice early-cleavage embryos at different stages of cleavage, resulting from in vitro fertilization (ivf) techniques, were examined before and after vitrification. digital images were taken from embryos before and after vitrific...

abstract background: research studies on reproductive mechanism of laboratory animals are essential for further advancement of assisted reproductive techniques (art). one of these studies includes the assessment of in-vitro development of pre-implantation embryos. the objective was to compare the cleavage rates and morphology of in-vivo formed 2 to 8 cell embryos and blastocysts with in-vitro c...

the effect of modified vitrification was assessed on cellular development capability in mouse embryos cultured in vitro. in this study, 466 embryos (from zygote to morula stages) were vitrified then thawed embryos have been incubated for in vitro farther development up to blastocyst stage. also, vitrification and thawing procedures were the same for all experimental groups. mouse different embr...

The effect of modified vitrification was assessed on cellular development capability in mouse embryos cultured in vitro. In this study, 466 embryos (from zygote to morula stages) were vitrified then thawed embryos have been incubated for in vitro farther development up to blastocyst stage. Also, vitrification and thawing procedures were the same for all experimental groups. Mouse different embr...

Background The purpose was to investigate the effect of the duration of gamete incubation on fertilization rate, embryo cleavage, and embryo quality before and after freezing in mice. MaterialsAndMethods Ovulated oocytes collected from superovulated mice after ip injection of PMSG and hCG were divided randomly into control and experimental groups. Oocytes from the control group were inseminated...

Genetic aberrations are commonly seen in human preimplantation embryos. Non-disjunction and premature division of a chromosome are common in both meiosis and mitosis divisions. The expected result for meiotic aneuploidies is full aneuploidy in the later stages whereas mosaicism is the most frequent event in the cleavage and blastocyst stages. The main causes for mosaicism are post-zygotic event...