fork in the road clauses and waiver clauses in investment treaties are supposed to minimize the number of parallel proceedings in foreign investment disputes. while, fork in the road clauses preclude investors from further litigation or arbitration once the first dispute settlement mechanism is triggered, in waiver clauses, domestic litigation can be followed by treaty arbitration regarding the...

English main-clause wh-questions form complementiser phrases with wh-words preposed to spec-C position. This is because English wh-words, as verb-complements originally, are strong enough to trigger wh-movement and auxiliary inversion. Persian EFL learners encounter an over-differentiation problem regarding the acquisition of auxiliary inversion rule in English standard questions. Once they hav...

in this paper, we examine the treatment of persian relative clauses in role and reference grammar. rrg is a structural-functional theory which has studied the syntax-semantics-pragmatics interface in human language systems. the main objectives of this article, on the one hand, are to elucidate syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties of farsi relative clauses, and on the other hand, to asse...

abstract: the research at hand discusses about the notion of the theme in persian scientific and literary genres from the point of view of halliday’s systemic functional grammar (sfg) and explains and determines the similarities and differences of the two genres in persian language. in this research, after mentioning the obvious differences of the two genres from the point of view of theme type...

Cognitive linguistics gives the most inclusive, consistent description of how language is organized, used and learned to date. Cognitive linguistics contains a great number of concepts that are useful to second language learners.  If-clauses in English, on the other hand, remain intriguing for foreign language learners to struggle with, due to their intrinsic intricacies. EFL grammar books are ...