A centrifugal clarifier based on the principles of a hydrocyclone with an impeller was developed for centrifugal clarification of sugarcane juice, for improvement in the quality of jaggery and khandsari. The developed clarifier and an existing standard sedimentation disc centrifuge were tested in regards of effect of operational parameters, namely, settling, boiling, clarificant addition and sa...

The majority of pulp and paper mills now biotreat their combined effluents using activated sludge. On the assumption that their wood-based effluents have negligible fixed N, and that activated-sludge microorganisms will not fix significant N, these mills routinely spend large amounts adding ammonia or urea to their aeration tanks (bioreactors) to permit normal biomass growth. N(2) fixation in s...

Secondary clarification is a crucial unit process in wastewater treatment; the particulate biocatalysts are separated from the clean water by gravitation. Their gravitational settling is highly dependent on the particles’ properties such as size, density and permeability. Hence, floc aggregation and disaggregation are essential to consider in the evaluation of the clarifier efficiency. The focu...

In order to compare whether sludge age control by wastage from the biological reactor is more efficient than wastage from the final clarifier in wastewater treatment plants by activated sludge, the Benchmark Simulation Model 1 has been modified. The secondary settler has been made reactive and the sludge settling characteristics vary as a function of the amount of gas produced by denitrificatio...

Abstract. The main purposes of a clarifier-thickener unit is that it should produce a high underflow concentration and a zero effluent concentration. The main difficulty in the control of the clarification-thickening process (by adjusting a volume flow) is that it is non-linear with complex relations between concentrations and volume flows via the solution of a PDE – a conservation law with a s...

A new one-dimensional clarifier model was developed, including components of existing models, and extended with a height-dependent cross-sectional area and two flowrate-dependent dispersion coefficients. This model is evaluated using data from a detailed one-month measuring campaign on a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. The data included hourly sludge concentration profiles, sludge bed he...

phosphorus is an important nutrient for plant and microorganisms growth, thus has an important role in creating eutrophication of surface waters. the present study has investigated poly aluminum chloride efficiency on orthophosphate removal by coagulation and chemical precipitation process in municipal wastewater in west wastewater treatment plant. this bench scale study was performed on influe...