Fourteen cigarette brands manufactured in Nigeria in 1981 were analysed to determine the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields. Five of the brands belonged to the high and middle to high tar category (greater than 22 mg/cigarette) and nine to the middle tar (17-22 mg/cigarette) category. None of the cigarettes was in the low to middle and low tar (less than 17 mg/cigarette) category. The ni...

OBJECTIVE To describe the waste produced by and environmental implications of individual cigarette consumption (filter tips, packages, and cartons) and tobacco manufacturing. STUDY SELECTION All available articles and reports published since 1970 related to cigarette consumption and production waste were reviewed. DATA SOURCES Global cigarette consumption data were used to estimate cigarett...

Objective—To describe the waste produced by and environmental implications of individual cigarette consumption (filter tips, packages, and cartons) and tobacco manufacturing. Study selection—All available articles and reports published since 1970 related to cigarette consumption and production waste were reviewed. Data sources—Global cigarette consumption data were used to estimate cigarette bu...

Acrylonitrile (ACN) is used to manufacture plastics and fibers. It is carcinogenic in rats and is found in cigarette smoke. Ethylene oxide (EO) is a metabolite of ethylene, also found in cigarette smoke, and is carcinogenic in rodents. Both ACN and EO undergo conjugation with glutathione. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and hemoglobin addu...

Here we describe a manufacturing process for the production of commercial filtered Cranfords cannabis cigarettes (CN). Unlike production of filtered tobacco cigarettes, standardization in the manufacture of cannabinoid containing cigarettes is lacking. The numerous cannabis strains with variable cannabinoid content, differences in cultivation methods and variability in assembly associated with ...

Styrene is a high production chemical; the production capacity for styrene in the United States was over 12 billion pounds in 2008. Small amounts of styrene are naturally present in foods such as legumes, beef, clams, eggs, nectarines, and spices. It can also be present in packaged foods by migration from polystyrene food containers and packaging materials. Styrene is a combustion product of ci...

OBJECTIVE To consider the research gaps related to the environmental impacts of electronic cigarettes due to their manufacture, use and disposal. METHODS Literature searches were conducted through December 2013. Studies were included in this review if they related to the environmental impacts of e-cigarettes. RESULTS Scientific information on the environmental impacts of e-cigarette manufac...

The results available so far suggest to us the following tentative conclusions. First, there are at least two agents extracted by aqueous barium hydroxide from commercial cigarette tobacco that are required simultaneously in order to exhibit tumor-promoting activity. One of the agents is soluble in 80% methanol and is probably soluble in 95% methanol. The other is insoluble in 80% methanol and ...