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Harenko and Lapallainen 4 (1962) reported a case of chronic progressive ophtalmoplegia with pigmentary degeneration of the retina, also referring 5 similar reports. A s s i s 1 (1967) published the case of a 16-year-old female patient with progressive ophthalmoplegia, which began with palpebral ptosis and pigmentary degeneration of the retina, spreading to the macular regions; biopsy of the lef...

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Introduction Patients with mitochondrial myopathies, of which chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is the most common, can present with ptosis and proximal limb weakness.1 Ptosis associated with CPEO can provide challenging management problems. This form of ptosis may have poor levator function. Additional features must be considered in determining the surgical treatment. For exa...

Background Chronic progressive external ophtalmoplegia (CPEO) and Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) belong to the broad heterogeneous group of mitochondrial myopathies (MM) a group of neuromuscular disorders resulting from primary dysfunction of the mitochondrial chain with impaired cellular energy metabolism. Recently, a potentially characteristic myocardial fibrosis pattern with intramural late gad...

Introduction. Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is a serious neurological disorder which is characterized by ataxia, nystagmus, ophtalmoplegia, disturbances in consciousness and region-selecticve brain lesions [1]. In most cases, brain damage in WE is associated with chronic alcoholism as a result of a deficiency in thiamine which is essential in the metabolic turnover of carbohydrates. Thiamine-d...