The unwanted addition of salt to drilling causes flocculation which has an adverse effect on mud rheological properties. To treat the flocculated mud chemical, deflocculants are commonly used; however, their disadvantages such as negative environmental effects, lower tolerance to contamination, and toxicity motivated scientists to search for effective additives. Using plant derived additives in...

Lignosulfonate and lignosulfonate hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions were used as the polyol components in polyurethane foam formulations. Although the treatment increased hydroxyl group abundance, it did not improve the applicability of hydrolyzed lignosulfonate in polyurethane foam. Thus, the use of original lignosulfonate yielded foams of thermal stability and mechanical properties compara...

Internal erosional behaviour of lignosulfonate treated dispersive clay has been studied using the Process Simulation Apparatus for Internol Crack Erosion (PSAICE) designed and built at UOw. Effectiveness of Iignosulfonate treated dispersive clay on the erosion resistance has been investigated and its advantage over traditional admixtures is presented. Test results show that the hydraulic shear ...

Studies made in the field of microbiological degradation of lignin have included investigations with sodium and calcium lignosulfonates. Kazanskii and Mikhailova (1936) were unable to grow several wood-rotting fungi on neutralized waste sulfite liquor, but found that infusorial earth mixed cultures could grow albeit slowly (in 50-60 days) if several alterations were made in the composition of t...

Studies made in the field of microbiological degradation of lignin have included investigations with sodium and calcium lignosulfonates. Kazanskii and Mikhailova (1936) were unable to grow several wood-rotting fungi on neutralized waste sulfite liquor, but found that infusorial earth mixed cultures could grow albeit slowly (in 50-60 days) if several alterations were made in the composition of t...

Internal erosion is known as the most important cause of dam failure after overtopping. It is important to improve the erosion resistance of the erodible soil by selecting an effective technique along with the reasonable costs. To prevent internal erosion of embankment dams the use of chemical stabilizers that reduce the soil erodibility potential is highly recommended. In the present study, a ...

Lignosulfonate fibers were produced using electrospinning technology, a method of manufacturing fibrous materials using polymeric solutions, by adding traces of polyethylene oxide to lignosulfonate solutions. Continuous and uniform fibers were obtained under appropriate processing conditions. Solution concentration, applied voltage, flow rate, and syringe-to-collector distance all had effects o...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Nonspecific (nonproductive) binding (adsorption) of cellulase by lignin has been identified as a key barrier to reduce cellulase loading for economical sugar and biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome Recalcitrance of Lignocelluloses (SPORL) is a relatively new process, but demonstrated robust performance for sugar and biofuel ...

Commercial wheat straw soda lignin was used to develop an alkali-O2 oxidation method to produce a ready-to-use solution for concrete plasticizing (cement dispersing). Lignin characterization was done directly from the solution. Depending on conditions, oxidation primarily induced either condensation or degradation of lignin. Thus, both the negative charge and the molar mass of the lignin were c...

Lignosulfonate/poly(2-ethylaniline) (LS-PEA) composite nanospheres were prepared via in situ polymerization of 2-ethylaniline (EA) with lignosulfonate (LS) as a dispersant. LS-PEA nanospheres with an average diameter of 155 nm were obtained at an optimal LS concentration of 20 wt.%. Subsequently, nitrogen-containing carbon nanospheres were fabricated via direct pyrolysis of the LS-PEA composite...