Bulk density of comminuted biomass significantly increased by vibration during handling and transportation, and by normal pressure during storage. Compaction characteristics affecting the bulk density of switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover chopped in a knife mill at different operating conditions and using four different classifying screens were studied. Mean loose-filled bulk densities w...

Tires that were either crudely chopped or more finely processed into shreds contained viable eggs. Field-collected remnants of 2-3 chopped tires contained viable Aedes albopictus eggs. After shredding tires seeded with mosquito eggs, 34 (4.6%) of an estimated 746 Ae. albopictus eggs and 21 (2.7%) of an estimated 774 Aedes triseriatus eggs survived. Chopped and shredded tire remnants may serve a...

Voltammetric detection of biological molecules was carried out using chopped carbon fibers produced from carbon fiber reinforced plastics that are biocompatible and inexpensive. Because chopped carbon fibers normally are covered with a sizing agent, they are difficult to use as an electrode. However, when the surface of a chopped carbon fiber was treated with ethanol and hydrochloric acid, it b...

Lemongrass plants (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor), used for their own essential oils through the distillation process. Before process, lemongrass leaves are usually withered to reduce air content, and also size be more effectively extraction. The research study effect of withering chopping citronella before being distilled, on yield quality oil produced. was conducted in a Randomized Blo...

A direct shear cell to measure the shear strength and flow properties of chopped switchgrass, wheat straw and corn stover was designed, fabricated, and tested. The shear strength measured at various normal stresses was found to be significantly different. Shear strength for all three chopped biomass types measured at a particular normal stress was not significantly different. The R value of the...

Bulk density is one of the important engineering property of biomass having significant impact on the supply logistics and processing in ethanol production facilities using lignocellulosic materials. Bulk density of most of the comminuted biomass significantly increased by tapping. Switchgrass, wheat straw and corn stover were chopped in a knife mill at different operating conditions including ...

1. Leaf is eaten in greater quantities than stem of similar digestibility. To determine whether this difference is caused by physical or chemical factors, leaf and stem fractions from Digitaria decumbens, Chloris gayana and Setaria splendida were fed ad lib, to sheep in the chopped and pelleted forms. Pellets were made from leaf and stem which had been ground through a screen with 3 mm holes. A...

In the EU, pigs must have permanent access to manipulable materials such as straw, rope, wood, etc. Long straw can fulfil this function, but can increase labour requirements for cleaning pens, and result in problems with blocked slatted floors and slurry systems. Chopped straw might be more practical, but what is the effect on pigs' behaviour of using chopped straw instead of long straw? Commer...

Pineapple production in Costa Rica increased nearly 300-fold during the last 30 yr, and >40,000 hectares of land are currently dedicated to this crop. At the end of the pineapple cropping cycle, plants are chopped and residues incorporated into the soil in preparation for replanting. Associated with increased pineapple production has been a large increase in stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)...

Pineapple production in Costa Rica increased nearly 300-fold during the last 30 yr, and >40,000 hectares of land are currently dedicated to this crop. At the end of the pineapple cropping cycle, plants are chopped and residues incorporated into the soil in preparation for replanting. Associated with increased pineapple production has been a large increase in stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)...