background genetic manipulation of chloroplast in higher plants offers a number of unique prerogatives, including; undesirable of pleiotropic genome and gene silencing effects and also use as an important agronomic trait for producing essential biomaterials and industrial enzymes. in order to manipulate chloroplast genome, specific vectors are required. these vectors can be transformed and expr...

Protein synthesis in vitro by etioplasts and chloroplasts from Phaseolus vulgaris was examined to study the factors regulating the development of etioplasts into chloroplasts. The properties of incorporation of (14)C-leucine into protein by etioplasts from plants grown 6.5 days in darkness are similar to those of chloroplasts from plants of the same age that were illuminated for 12 hours. Howev...

Radioautographic and radiochemical techniques were used to establish the presence of replicating DNA in the chloroplasts of Acetabularia mediterranea. These techniques also demonstrated that these chloroplasts synthesize RNA. It was found that label from thymine was also incorporated into DNA and RNA in these chloroplasts. With the establishment of protein and nucleic acid synthesis in Acetabul...

Leaves of plants possessing the C4-dicarboxylic acid CO2fixation pathway (14) are characterized by outer mesophyll cells containing granal chloroplasts and inner bundle sheath cells which contain chloroplasts with varying degrees of grana development depending on the species. As judged by Hill activities and fluorescence yield, bundle sheath chloroplasts which contain few grana have less photos...

Spinach chloroplasts were immobilized with vinyl monomers by radiation-induced polymerization at low temperature and stored in buffer containing bovine serum albumin. The lifetime of O(2) evolution activity in photosystem II was prolonged remarkably in immobilized chloroplasts. Thermostability of immobilized chloroplasts stored in buffer containing bovine serum albumin was far better than that ...

Chloroplast suspensions from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were clearly resolved into intact and stripped chloroplasts by isopycnic centrifugation in density gradients of silica sol ("Ludox") and polyethlene glycol. The intact chloroplasts fixed CO(2) and evolved O(2) more rapidly than the crude suspensions; the stripped chloroplasts were inactive. During the photosynthetic fixation of (14)CO(...

A simple procedure that yields highly purified intact chloroplasts from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is described. This procedure involves breakage of cell wall-deficient cells by passing them through a narrow bore syringe needle. The intact chloroplasts are then purified from the crude homogenate by differential centrifugation and Percoll gradient centrifugation. This procedure generates relative...

Abstract Studies focusing on terminal drought combined with heat impacts plants of agronomic value remain scarce, and even less under field conditions. The objective this study was to investigate leaf structural ultrastructural changes induced by stress (HS) (DS) during seed filling their relationship physiological variables yield determination. Two soybean cultivars were grown in During four t...