conclusions chronic and moderate malnutrition did not influence the cognitive function, the intelligence quotient, and the impulsivity index. background undernutrition is the most common cause of growth retardation in developing countries. we aimed to assess the effect of undernutrition on cognition, intelligence quotient, and impulsivity index of 7-11 year-old children in shiraz, southern iran...

background and aims. temperament has been suggested to be a predictive factor for the child’s reaction to dental treatment especially in young ages. the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between temperament and child behavior in relation to age in the dental setting. materials and methods. in this descriptive-analytical study, 190 children, aged 1 to 7 years, who visited dentist ...

background primary maladaptive schemas, which are the basis of high-risk behavior and psychological disorders, result from childhood experiences with significant objects, such as fathers, in different developmental phases. objectives this endeavor examined the role of the father in predicting these schemas. patients and methods a total of 345 islamic azad university students (qom branch) who we...

background and aims. different factors affect children’s behavior during dental treatment, including psychological and behavioral characteristics. the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of self-concept on child’s anxiety and behavior during dental treatment in 4 to 6-year-old children. materials and methods. a total of 235 preschoolers aged 4 to 6 years were included in this desc...

objective: antisocial, aggressive and delinquent behaviors in adults often begin early in life. basal cortisol is a valuable biological marker in children with disruptive behavior disorder (dbd). to investigate the association between biological factor (cortisol) and disruptive behaviors, we studied the effect of family training on salivary cortisol level in children with dbd. methods: basal sa...

Children who have experienced maltreatment can often display behavioral difficulties; their parents may lack disciplinary knowledge, be less sensitive to their children, and engage in coercive parenting practices. Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a well-known, evidence-based treatment (EBT) for child behavior problems and within the last decade has garnered significant evidence to sug...

background and aims. dental fear/anxiety as a barrier in accessing oral health care is poorly investigated in iranian children. the aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of dental fear and behavior management problems, as well as to examine the relationship between dental fear/anxiety and probable concomitant factors. materials and methods. mothers of 200 children aged 3-6 were par...