normal healthy pulpal tissues were obtained from 19 impacted molars and symptomatic samples were obtained from 18 carious molars and premolars clinically diagnosed in all vital pulpal tissues. student's t-test revealed significant differences in il-2 concentrations, comparing symptomatic pulpal tissues with normal healthy samples (657, p

Calcium-signaling plays a central role in specification of the chemical transmitters neurons express, adjusting the numbers of cells that express excitatory and inhibitory transmitters as if to achieve homeostatic regulation of excitability. Here we review the extent to which this activity-dependent regulation is observed for a range of different transmitters. Strikingly the homeostatic paradig...

Neurons either use electrical or chemical synapses to communicate with each other. Transmitters at chemical synapses are either small molecules or neuropeptides. After binding to their receptors, transmitters elicit postsynaptic potentials, which can either be fast and transient or slow and longer lasting, depending on the type of receptor. Fast transient potentials are mediated by ionotropic r...

Serotonin (5HT), and the catecholamines norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), are important nervous system transmitters. Traditionally, these and other transmitters have been viewed as excitatory or inhibitory “switching” mechanisms at synapses in the nervous system. There is now a growing interest in the involvement of the catecholamines and serotonin in more “modulatory” effects on brain fun...

cology, University of Tokyo. This series of experiments was originally designed to obtain informations on the role of chemical transmitters in the CNS. Though the essential role of adrenergic as well as cholinergic transmitters in the peripheral system is generally accepted, the role of these transmitter substances in the CNS is still obscure and requires further investigations to be elucidated...

qumian hadith narrators in early third century played a major role in transmitting hadith legacy of kufa to this city. in addition to narration, classification, and explanation of hadiths, rereading qumian hadith narrators’ criteria for accepting and narrating hadiths is of great significance. muhammad b. khalid al-barqi is among outstanding scholars of that era who corrected and developed the ...