background: health-care-associated infections are a major threat to the safety of patient care. control of such problem is a major criterion for hospital accreditation. this study was aimed to determine the developing use of chemical (class 6 products) and biological indicators in tabriz district hospitals since 1997 to 2011. methods: we conducted this time-trend interventional study with all o...

Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Ca2+ signaling as well as our appreciation for its ubiquitous role in cellular processes has been rapidly advanced, in large part, due to the development of fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. In this chapter, we discuss some of the most common chemical Ca2+ indicators that are widely used for the investigation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Advantag...

background: hemodialysis is a life-saving process used as a treatment for many patients sufferimg from renal failure. because of the large amount of water used in this process, contamination of hemodialysis water with microbial and harmful chemical pollutants is possible. therefore, considering standards of dialysis water is critical. the aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological...

This paper presents an evaluation of the long-term impact of microfinance programmes on Acehnese children during the post-tsunami recovery. The study, conducted from June to August 2010, examined the impact of microfinance programming six years after the tsunami. The sample consisted of 185 microfinance participants, with a comparison group of 192 individuals who did not participate in microfin...

OBJECTIVE In this study, we compare a new biological indicator that provides results within 3 hours with four conventional, 48-hour biological indicators and five chemical indicators. DESIGN Biological indicators tested included the conventional Attest 1262, Proof Plus, Assert, and Biosign, and the new Attest 1292 Rapid Readout biological indicator. Chemical indicators tested included Comply,...

26 Janet Creaser, Department of Mechanical Engineering Evaluation of Minnesota’s

The ability to measure population health trends and improvements can be enhanced through collaborative efforts to describe existing knowledge and via shared development opportunities. This paper highlights a project undertaken in Alberta which has created an inventory of health status indicators in use in the province, and provides a framework for strategic progress in the development and use o...