Events leading up to the release of toxic chemicals in the processing plants are one of the main hazards of chemical industries that can endanger employees and also people in neighborhood. In this study, DOW's Chemical Exposure Index (CEI) is used to determine hazard distances of possible toxic chemical releases in one of the South Pars gas refineries. To...

all people need food. unsafe foods; however, may cause diseases ranging from diarrhea to cancer. chemicals in food are a worldwide health concern. in 2006, the world health organization (who) organized a consultation on the global burden of foodborne diseases. work to estimate this burden began in 2007 and was carried out by the who foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group (ferg), ...

severe accidents of process industries in iran have increased significantly in recent decade. this study quantitatively analyzes the hazards of severe accidents imposed on people, equipment and building by a hydrogen production facility. a hazard identification method was applied. then a consequence simulation was carried out using phast 6.54 software package and at the end, consequence evaluat...

In a model of dual agency problems where borrower-lender and bank-nonbank incentives may conflict, we predict a hockey stick relation between bank skin in the game and covenant tightness. As bank participation declines covenant tightness increases until reaching a low threshold, at which point the relation sharply reverses and covenant protection is removed with a commensurate increase in sprea...

Given the multiple terrorist attacks that have occurred in recent years in China, medical rescue teams and specialized incident assessment teams have been established by the government; however, medical rescue after nuclear, biological, and chemical incidents remains challenging and is often inefficient. In the present article, problems were analyzed regarding the assessment of responder counte...

This paper provides a practical approach to the difficulties surrounding planning for chemical incidents, based upon the results of a Delphi based consensus study. It is intended to offer advice, which can be implemented at regional and local prehospital and hospital level. The phases of the response that are covered include preparation, management of the incident, delivery of medical support d...

Governments in Africa are turning to large-scale partnerships with donors and multinational companies to stimulate investment in agriculture. However, so-called mega agricultural public–private partnerships are by and large unproven and risky, and are likely to skew the benefits of investments towards the privileged and more powerful, while the risks fall on the most vulnerable. Oxfam concludes...