abstract phosphate is an essential element for plants, animals, and human. mobility and availability of phosphate in the natural systems is controlled by the adsorption-desorption and dissolution-precipitation reactions. iron (hydr)oxides including goethite play an important role in phosphate adsorption reactions in soil. surface area, crystallinity, and morphology of iron (hydr)oxides are the ...

Environmental crisis and shortage of fossil fuels make Electric Vehicles (EVs) alternatives for conventional vehicles. With growing numbers of EVs, the coordinated charging is necessary to prevent problems such as large peaks and power losses for grid and to minimize charging costs of EVs for EV owners. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal charging schedule based on Dynamic Programming (DP...

With an electrified passenger transportation fleet, carbon dioxide emissions could be reduced significantly depending on the electric power production mix. Increased electric power consumption due to electric vehicle charging demands of electric vehicle fleets may be met by increased amount of renewable power production in the electrical systems. With electric vehicle fleets in the transportati...

The introduction of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the existing Energy Grid raises many issues regarding Grid stability and charging behavior. Uncontrolled charging on the customer’s side may increase the already high peaks in the energy demand that lead to respective increase in the energy prices. We propose a novel smart charging algorithm that maximizes individual welfare and reduces the individ...

This paper describes an approach to optimize electric vehicle battery charging behavior with the goal of minimizing charging costs, achieving satisfactory state-of-energy levels, and optimal power balancing. Two methods for charging schedule optimization are compared. The first formulation uses a linear approximation of the battery behavior, whereas the second uses a quadratic approximation. A ...

As mobile applications transition into providing richer content and supporting more use-cases, it has become increasingly apparent that smart-phones are constrained by battery life. Industry has put great effort into energy-aware hardware platforms, but little attention has been given to designing energy efficiency around user charging behavior. If smart-phones were to become capable of accurat...

Jinyang Li∗, Xiaoshan Sun∗, Qi Liu∗, Wei Zheng†, Hengchang Liu∗ and John Stankovic‡ ∗School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China Email: {ljyustc, sxs1166, liuqi100}@mail.ustc.edu.cn, [email protected] †Comprehend (Suzhou) Information Technology Inc. Suzhou, Jiangsu Email: [email protected] ‡Department of Computer Science University o...

The Maxwell-Wagner type interfacial charging processes were characterized by time-resolved second harmonic generation method (TR-SHG) using three typical organic double-layer devices, i.e., IZO/αNPD/Alq3/Al for OLED and ITO/PI/α-NPD (or pentacene)/Au for MIM elements. Devices with a PI blocking layer represent one-carrier transport case, while the OLED is a typical two-carrier transport device....

soil colloid particles influence soil chemical and physical properties by their surface electrical charge. with respect to the importance of this issue from both agricultural and environmental points of view, charging behavior of a kaolinite sample was studied in the ph range of 4 to 10 and at three background electrolyte concentrations, including 0.005, 0.05, 0.5 m nacl, by potentiometric titr...

We conducted human-subject market experiments to check the effects of charging different types of market fees on human trader’s market selection behavior across multiple markets. In alignment with previous findings using software trading agents, a market charging lump-sum registration fees attracted intramarginal or high-value human traders, while, extra-marginal traders, or low-value traders, ...