Background: There is a high demand for shoulder/elbow experience among hand-fellowship trainees due to theperception that this exposure will improve their professional “marketability” in a subspecialty they perceive as havinghigher compensation.Methods: Using Medicare data, we investigated the most common surgeries from these fields and determinedwhich have the highest c...

The membrane properties of isolated cultured microglia have been extensively studied but it is important to understand their properties in situ, where they protect the brain against infection, but also contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia and macrophages attack bacteria by generating reactive oxygen species, a process which involves NADPH oxidase pumping electrons out across the ...

Simplified beam line for low energy Ion implantation is considered. Compensation of the space charge of high perveance, low energy ion beam in beam lines for ion implantation and isotope separation has been investigated. Different mechanisms of the compensating particle formation such as ionization by the beam, secondary emission of electrons and negative ions, electronegative gas admixture, an...

Many self-report measures of attitudes, beliefs, personality, and pathology include items whose responses can be easily manipulated or distorted, as an example in order to give a positive impression to others, to obtain financial compensation, to avoid being charged with a crime, to get a job, or else. This fact confronts both researchers and practitioners with the crucial problem of biases yie...

The progress of various high-brightness electron source technologies, specially laser based electron sources, such as photocathode RF gun, DC and pulsed photo-gun, and laser plasma electron source, will be reviewed. The physics processes of those sources to realize best performance are clarified according to three basic ideas. They are transverse space charge emittance compensation, space charg...

Proton efflux via voltage-gated proton channels (Hv1) is considered to mediate the charge compensation necessary to preserve NADPH oxidase activity during the respiratory burst. Using the Hv1 inhibitor Zn(2+), we found that the PMA-induced respiratory burst of human neutrophils is inhibited when assessed as extracellular production of O2(-) and H2O2, in accordance with literature studies, but, ...

A LEBT system consisting of an ion source, two solenoids, and a diagnostic section has been set up to investigate the space charge compensation process due to residual gas ionization [1] and to study experimentally the rise of compensation. To gain the radial beam potential distribution time resolved measurements of the residual gas ion energy distribution were carried out using a Hughes Rojans...

In order to contribute to the development of high power proton accelerators in the MW range, to prepare the way for an ISIS upgrade and to contribute to the UK design effort on neutrino factories, a front end test stand (FETS) is being constructed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK [1]. The aim of the FETS is to demonstrate the production of a 60 mA, 2 ms, 50 pps chopped beam...