Changeability is an important non-functional requirement (NFR) for software systems and evaluation of software changeability will be helpful for software practitioners. Briefly stated, changeability is the ease with which software system can be changed or modified. It is widely accepted that NFRs such as changeability should be incorporated in the architectural stage of software development its...

Changeability has a direct relation to software maintainability and has a major role in providing high quality maintainable and trustworthy software. The concept of Changeability is a major factor when we design and develop software and its constituents. Developing programs and its constituent components with good changeability continually improves and simplifies test operations and maintenance...

The present research aims to develop a model and assess changeability grounds in public organizations. The statistical population includes public organizations in the cities of Lamerd and Mohr. The research includes three fundamental stages, each of which tries to answer a key question. To devise a proper model, we initially study the theoretical literature of change management and the resistan...

The assessment of the changeability of software systems is of major concern for buyers of large systems found in fastmoving domains such as telecommunications. One way of approaching this problem is to investigate the dependency between the changeability of the software and its design, with the goal of finding design properties that can be used as changeability indicators. In the realm of objec...

Complex engineering systems are frequently exposed to large amounts of uncertainty, as many exogenous, uncontrollable conditions change over time and can affect the performance and value delivery of a system. Engineering practice has begun to address that need, with recent methods frequently targeting such techniques as uncertainty quantification or robust engineering as key goals. While passiv...

Designing and maintaining systems in a dynamic contemporary environment requires a rethinking of how systems provide value to stakeholders over time. Developing either changeable or classically robust systems are approaches to promoting value sustainment. But, ambiguity in definitions across system domains has resulted in an inability to specify, design, and verify to ilities that promote value...

Radon (Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive element, a noble gas that is produced in radium disintegration. Radon has the biggest contribution to the effective dose obtained by population. Increased morbidity of lung cancer in uranium miners and an observation that radon exposure in certain houses may be comparable to the exposure in uranium mines have caused the increase of interest in rad...

A framework for assessing changeability in the context of dynamic Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration (MATE) is proposed and applied to three aerospace systems. The framework consists of two parts. First, changeability concepts such as flexibility, scalability, and robustness are defined in a value-centric context. These system properties are shown to relate “real-space to value-space” dynam...

The changeability, a sub-characteristic of maintainability, refers to the level of effort which is required to do modifications to a software product line (SPL) application component. Assuming dependencies between SPL application components and reference architecture implementation (a platform), this paper empirically investigates the relationship between 7 design metrics and changeability of 4...

Changeability is a means of creating value robustness in engineering systems that is currently less understood and correspondingly less utilized than more traditional passive robustness. This paper presents a new approach for investigating system changeability using Epoch-Era Analysis, with an emphasis on tradespace exploration using an illustrative case study. Epoch-Era Analysis is an approach...