In order to have a good perspective of wild animals, it is necessary to determine their population and genetic structure. It provides an opportunity to decide on better conservation managements. In the wilderness, due to the escapable nature and sometimes not having the distinguishable bisexual appearance, sex identification could be difficult by observing animals. The X- and Y- chromosome link...

Red deer (Cervus elaphus) from a National Wildlife Reserve near Toledo in central Spain were surveyed for Sarcocystis infection. A total of 61 deer were examined. Tissue compression and histology were used to examine samples from diaphragm and heart from each animal included in the study, and results from the two techniques and the two tissues were compared to determine the tissue and technique...

We investigated how density-dependent processes and subsequent variation in nutritional condition of individuals influenced both timing and duration of sexual segregation and selection of resources. During 1999-2001, we experimentally created two population densities of North American elk (Cervus elaphus), a high-density population at 20 elk/km(2), and a low-density population at 4 elk/km(2) to...

A population craniometric analysis of the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from Bulgaria was carried out using 19 linear skull and dental parameters. The analysis included 93 adult individuals (74 males and 19 females), originating from the main hunting economic areas in the country, i.e. Central Stara Planina Mountains, Strandzha-Sakar area, Ludogorie-Dobrudzha region and the Rila-Pirin region. Th...

Fossil remains of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) occurring outside their present range are an important indicator of formerly cold climatic conditions, but are easily confused with those of the red deer (Cervus elaphus). The locality of Kiputz IX has yielded one of the best-preserved Late Pleistocene reindeer populations of the southern Pyrenees, occurring in association with Bison priscus and th...

The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is an iconic species in Scotland and, due to its value as a game species, an important element of the Scottish rural economy. The native status of this species is sometimes questioned because of many recorded introductions of nonnative deer in the past that were an attempt to improve trophy size. In this study, we assessed the impact of past introductions on the ge...

a territorial isolation is a danger to the game population, causing deterioration called the inbreeding depression. the typical signs are anomalous body proportions, such as short lower jaw, shortened lifetime, weak physique and lower birth rate. this is caused by low number of game in the community. white colored deer is in the location of the czechrepublicbred in separation since 18th century...

The main goal of our study was to determine the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in wild cervids living in north-eastern part of Poland. Material used in the study was gathered between the years 2004- 2008. The blood samples from 106 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 32 sika deer (Cervus nippon hortulorum), 130 fallow deer (Dama dama) and 31 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were collec...