OBJECTIVE To quantitatively assess control of balance under static and dynamic conditions in patients with tonic and phasic cervical dystonia. METHODS Ten patients with purely tonic cervical dystonia with fixed postural deviation and 20 patients with cervical dystonia with phasic head movements were investigated at least 3 months after botulinum toxin injections. Seventeen age matched volunte...

The relation between age at dystonia onset and sex was investigated in 264 patients with cranial-cervical dystonia and 56 patients with upper limb dystonia. In cranial-cervical dystonia, women had a significantly greater age at the onset of dystonia than men. The association was independent of duration of disease and distance of referral, but it was no longer detectable after adjustment for edu...

Dystonia is an involuntary movement involving twisting and turning of agonist and antagonist muscles. Cervical dystonia is isolated to neck musculature. Botulinum toxin type A is a safe and effective treatment of this disabling and often painful syndrome. Three forms of botulinum toxin type A are available worldwide to treat patients with cervical dystonia. This is a review of the studies of bo...

INTRODUCTION Our goal was to investigate the cortical thickness and subcortical volume in subjects with craniocervical dystonia and its subgroups. METHODS We studied 49 subjects, 17 with cervical dystonia, 18 with blepharospasm or oromandibular dystonia, and 79 healthy controls. We performed a whole group analysis, followed by a subgroup analysis. We used Freesurfer software to measure cortic...

BACKGROUND Clinical characteristics of isolated idiopathic cervical dystonia such as onset site and spread to and from additional body regions have been addressed in single-site studies with limited data and incomplete or variable dissociation of focal and segmental subtypes. The objectives of this study were to characterize the clinical characteristics and demographics of isolated idiopathic c...

OBJECTIVES to provide a revised version of earlier guidelines published in 2006. BACKGROUND primary dystonias are chronic and often disabling conditions with a widespread spectrum mainly in young people. DIAGNOSIS primary dystonias are classified as pure dystonia, dystonia plus or paroxysmal dystonia syndromes. Assessment should be performed using a validated rating scale for dystonia. Gene...

We aimed to study the attitude of Italian neurologists in use conventional MRI patients with idiopathic adult-onset focal dystonia. Patients were included Dystonia Registry by experts working different centers. was available for 1045 1471 (71%) analysis. Using logistic regression analysis, we found that more likely be performed cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, or non-task-specific upper ...

BACKGROUND Cervical dystonia is thought to result in high disease burden, but limited information exists on its impact on employment and work productivity. We utilized data from the Cervical Dystonia Patient Registry for the Observation of OnabotulinumtoxinA Efficacy (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00836017) to assess the impact of cervical dystonia on employment and work productivity and ex...

OBJECTIVE The diminution of the signs and symptoms of cervical dystonia following an extended course of specific chiropractic manipulation is described. CLINICAL FEATURES A 38-year-old man had gross anterior-lateral torticollis, focal dystonia of the head and neck, and radicularlike pains which failed to respond to physical therapy, medication, and injection. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES Two ...

Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia characterized by involuntary muscle contractions causing abnormal movements and posturing of the head and neck and is associated with significant pain. Botulinum toxin is considered first-line therapy in the treatment of pain and abnormal head posturing associated with cervical dystonia. There are currently three botulinum toxin type A...