a fair hearing in the courts requires the principles of procedure. because the arbitration is considered as private judgment, thus in arbitration hearing regarding to non-ceremonial proceedings, arbitrator or arbitration panel are bound to respect the principles of civil procedure in arbitration hearing. equal treatment with parties of arbitration and adversarial procedure are principles that a...

The Kula Ring described by Bronislaw Malinowski is a system of the ceremonial exchange of gifts among a number of tribal societies inhabiting various island groups in the region east of Papua New Guinea. Two ceremonial gifts continually circulate in opposite directions: necklaces clockwise and armshells counterclockwise. After a brief description of the social system of Kula exchange, a game-th...

OBJECTIVES Pacopampa, a ceremonial complex in Peru's northern highlands, reveals early evidence of trauma in the Middle to Late Formative Period coinciding with the emergence of social stratification in the area. We examine the prevalence of trauma in human remains found at the site and present evidence of the circumstances surrounding the deaths of individuals who lived during the early stages...

SMASHED: CEREMONIAL INTOXICANTS AND INTENTIONAL TOOLDESTRUCTION IN THE NORTHERN HIGHLANDS OF PRE-COLUMBIANECUADOR

Abstract Existing research demonstrates a positive connection between psychedelics and increased nature relatedness. Enhanced affective ties toward are widely framed as being built into the pharmakon itself, relevance of experiences remains little understood. This paper turns to neoshamanic ayahuasca ceremonies in Europe, exploring way specialists attendants refer speech performance. I argue th...

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BACKGROUND Identifying factors influencing plant management allows understanding how processes of domestication operate. Uncertain availability of resources is a main motivation for managing edible plants, but little is known about management motives of non-edible resources like medicinal and ceremonial plants. We hypothesized that uncertain availability of resources would be a general factor m...