a survey of cereal fields of khuzestan province during 2008-2011 revealed that cereal cyst nematodes (ccns) are widely distributed in this region. the ccns were present in 37 and 35% of the 200 samples collected from wheat and barley fields respectively. the species were identified as heterodera avenae type b and h. filipjevi the morphological and morphometric identifications of which were conf...

The cereal cyst nematodes Heterodera filipjevi and H. avenae impede wheat production in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Accurate identification of cyst nematode species and awareness of high population density in affected fields are essential for designing effective control measures. Morphological methods for differentiating these species are laborious. These species were differentiated using poly...

Three species of fungi, Catenaria auxiliarls (Kiihn) Tribe, Nematophthora gynophila Kerry and Crump, and a Lagenidiaceous fungus have been found attacking female cyst nematodes. All are zoosporic fungi which parasitize females on the root surface, cause the breakdown of the nematode cuticle, and prevent cyst formation. Their identification and some aspects of their biology are reviewed. N. gyno...

1) Effects of cereal cyst (Heterodera) and rootlesion (Pratylenchus) nematodes on wheat are difficult to identify and control. Symptoms are non-specific and easily confused with stress from nutrient deficiency, drought, or disease. 2) Multiple species of Heterodera and Pratylenchus are capable of damaging wheat. Identification of species is difficult and procedures based on comparative morpholo...

The cereal cyst nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) is a major pest of wheat (Triticum spp) that reduces crop yields in many countries. Cyst nematodes are obligate sedentary endoparasites that reproduce by amphimixis. Here, we report the first transcriptome analysis of two stages of H. avenae. After sequencing extracted RNA from pre parasitic infective juvenile and adult stages of the life cycle,...

Soils and roots of field crops in low-rainfall regions of the Pacific Northwest were surveyed for populations of plantparasitic and non-plant-parasitic nematodes. Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus species) were recovered from 123 of 130 non-irrigated and 18 of 18 irrigated fields. Pratylenchus neglectus was more prevalent than P. thornei, but mixed populations were common. Population densities in ...