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Classification systems for all-ceramic materials are useful for communication and educational purposes and warrant continuous revisions and updates to incorporate new materials. This article proposes a classification system for ceramic and ceramic-like restorative materials in an attempt to systematize and include a new class of materials. This new classification system categorizes ceramic rest...

Ceramic laser materials have come a long way since the first demonstration of lasing in 1964. Improvements in powder synthesis and ceramic sintering as well as novel ideas have led to notable achievements. These include the first Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramic laser in 1995, breaking the 1 KW mark in 2002 and then the remarkable demonstration of more than 100 KW output power from a YA...

Hydroxyapatite is the major mineral component of human bones. From the point of view of its chemistry, it is calcium orthophosphate which has in its structure hydroxyl groups and in its stoichiometric is described with formula – Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Biological properties of hydroxyapatite are very favorable; it is not only biocompatible (which means that after implantation it causes no side effects...

Over the past 35 years, multiple types of all-ceramic materials have been introduced as an ideal alternative for metal-fused to ceramic. This review covers state-of-the-art development of all-ceramic systems in terms of history, material composition, fabrication technologies, and structural and strength properties. These materials are proved to be ideal in terms of mechanical properties and bio...

The present Review addresses current developments related to polymer-derived ceramic nanocomposites (PDC-NCs). Different classes of preceramic polymers are briefly introduced and their conversion into ceramic materials with adjustable phase compositions and microstructures is presented. Emphasis is set on discussing the intimate relationship between the chemistry and structural architecture of ...

Background: Metal ceramic restorations are highly popular and are used for most of the crown and bridge restorations made today. Aims: To evaluate the translucency and fracture strength of two all-ceramic and traditional metal ceramic crowns. Materials and Methods: Thirty crowns of similar size and shape were constructed to fit a standard brass die. Ten crowns were manufactured from each of the...

High-strength all-ceramic systems for fixed partial dentures (FPDs) is gaining popularity as an alternative to the well established metal-ceramic FPDs. Several new framework materials and technique such as lithium disilicate, aluminum oxide and yttrium tetragonal zirconia polycrystal have been developed with improved strength, marginal discrepancy and esthetics. Since not every all-ceramic syst...

Current ceramic materials offer preferred optical properties for highly esthetic restorations. The inherent brittleness of some ceramic materials, specific treatment modalities, and certain clinical situations require resin bonding of the completed ceramic restoration to the supporting tooth structures for long-term clinical success. This article presents a literature review on the resin bond t...