this research is about the political economy of china in central asia. in this research the political & economic interactions affected on chinas political economy in central asia are examined. chinas goal of presence in central asia including political-security, economic and energy goals is described in one part. in another part, the trade relations between china and central asian countries ar...

the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

در طول دو قرن گذشته و ظهور روسیه بعنوان قدرتی بزرگ در عرصه جهانی و شروع رقابت با سایر قدرت های بین المللی و منطقهای خصوصا با ایران و عثمانی این ئکشور تلاش کرده است تاد از جمعیت کردها در این کشورها در راستای منافع خود بهره برداری کند در قرون 18 و 19 بارها بخشی از کردها برعلیه امپراطوری عثمانی توسط این کشور مورد استفاده قرار گرفت خصوصا در جنگ های سال 1790تا 1798. این ججنگ ها م.جب شد که بخشی از کر...

any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

three medium magnitude events happened inside the transitional border of south alborz and central iran; namely kahak-qom 2007/06/18 event with ml 5.6, zanjan 2008/05/27 event with ml 5.3 and aradan-garmsar 2007/11/19 event with ml 5.1. this provides us the opportunity to compute focal mechanism and stress drop of the events and compare them with those events happened within the alborz range.

abstract deviation or in other words committing a crime is literally a social problem. this research that was conducted in 1389 and 1390 has tried to investigate the causes of crimes committed by young male inmates qazvin central prison and effective variables on their tendency to deviation. accordingly after collecting theoretical framework and offering theoretical model including both hirsch...

introruction khawf in(iran)-herat and mazaresharif and shirkhan bandar in (afghanistan)-dushanbe in (tajikistan)_(kirgizstan)-kashghar in(china) project railway network is under construction that it is as a significant corridor for revitalizing silk road corridor in the region .at the present there are three different gauge in the region central asia with 1,520 mm gauge and turkey-islamic repu...